A u t o M e t a

AutoMeta

AutoMeta is an online interactive automated evidence synthesis and grading platform built on the shiny package in R language, aimed at providing automatic evidence synthesis for traditional meta-analysis, network meta-analysis, and diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis, and using GRADE method for automatic grading; At present, the platform can achieve traditional meta-analysis and inverse variance meta-analysis by calling the Metafor package of R software. The network meta-analysis and diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis modules are under development.

AutoMeta是一个基于R语言中shiny程序包构建的在线交互式证据自动化合成与分级平台，旨在为传统Meta分析、网状Meta分析和诊断试验准确性Meta分析等提供证据自动合成，并采用GRADE方法进行自动分级；目前，平台已经通过调用R软件的metafor程序包可以实现传统Meta分析和逆方差Meta分析，网状Meta分析和诊断试验准确性Meta分析模块正在开发中，敬请期待！

AutoMeta

database

Database

The Autometa platform database includes methodological research on systematic reviews, meta-analyses, GRADE grading, and clinical practice guidelines in both Chinese and English. It categorizes and displays literature research types, themes, publication times, and languages. The platform interface is intuitive and concise, and the research is comprehensive, providing users with a methodological learning platform. Autometa平台数据库纳入中英文系统评价、Meta分析、GRADE分级、临床实践指南制订方法学研究，针对文献研究类型、主题、发表时间、语言进行分类展示，平台界面直观简洁，纳入研究全面，为用户提供方法学学习平台。

Use of Confidence Intervals in Interpreting Nonstatistically Significant Results

Alexander T Hawkins , Laure...

JAMA.

The goal of much of medical research is to determine which of 2 or more therapeutic approaches is most effective in a given situation. The power of a study is the probability of detecting a true treatment effect of a given magnitude and is highly dependent on the number of patients studied. When a retrospective observational study design is used, researchers have little or no control over the sample size, and thus little control over the power to detect a particular treatment effect. When such a study yields nonstatistically significant results (referred to as nonsignificant results in this article), an important question is whether the lack of statistical significance was likely due to a true absence of difference between the approaches or due to insufficient power. To address this issue, some researchers may consider conducting a power calculation for the completed study. However, power calculations—even for randomized clinical trials—are irrelevant once a study has been completed. Careful use of confidence intervals (CIs), however, can aid in the interpretation of nonsignificant findings across all study designs.

none 2021/326/20/2068-2069

The 5 min meta-analysis: understanding how to read and interpret a forest plot

Yaping Chang , Mark R Phill...

Eye (Lond).

In the evidence-based practice of ophthalmology, we often read systematic reviews. Why do we bother about systematic reviews? In science, new findings are built cumulatively on multiple and repeatable experiments. In clinical research, rarely is one study definitive. Using a comprehensive and cumulative approach, systematic reviews synthesize results of individual studies to address a focused question that can guide important decisions, when well-conducted and current. A systematic review may or may not include a meta-analysis, which provides a statistical approach to quantitatively combine results of studies eligible for a systematic review topic. Such pooling also improves precision. A “forest plot” is a form of graphical result presentation. In this editorial, we start with introducing the anatomy of a forest plot and present 5 tips for understanding the results of a meta-analysis.

none 2022/36/4/673-675

Sensitivity analysis in clinical trials: three criteria for a valid sensitivity analysis

Sameer Parpia , Tim P Morri...

Eye (Lond).

Randomized clinical trials are a tool to generate high-quality evidence of efficacy and safety for new interventions. The statistical analysis plan (SAP) of a trial is generally pre-specified and documented prior to seeing outcome data, and it is encouraged that researchers follow the pre-specified analysis plan. The process of pre-specification of the primary analysis involves making assumptions about methods, models, and data that may not be supported by the final trial data. Sensitivity analysis examines the robustness of the result by conducting the analyses under a range of plausible assumptions about the methods, models, or data that differ from the assumptions used in the pre-specified primary analysis. If the results of the sensitivity analyses are consistent with the primary results, researchers can be confident that the assumptions made for the primary analysis have had little impact on the results, giving strength to the trial findings. Recent guidance documents for statistical principles have emphasized the importance of sensitivity analysis in clinical trials to ensure a robust assessment of the observed results.

none 2022/36/11/2073-2074

How to Interpret and Use a Clinical Practice Guideline or Recommendation: Users' Guides to the M...

Romina Brignardello-Peters...

JAMA.

Importance: Clinicians may rely on recommendations from clinical practice guidelines for management of patients. Observations: A clinical practice guideline is a published statement that includes recommendations that are intended to optimize patient care. In the guideline development process, a panel of experts formulates recommendation questions that guide the retrieval of evidence that is used to inform the recommendations. Typically, methods of guideline development, a summary of the supporting evidence, and a justification of the panel's decisions accompany the recommendations. To use such guidelines optimally, clinicians must understand the implications of the recommendations, assess the trustworthiness of the development process, and evaluate the extent to which the recommendations are applicable to patients in their practice settings. Helpful recommendations are clear and actionable, and explicitly specify whether they are strong or weak, are appropriate for all patients, or depend on individual patients' circumstances and values. Rigorous guidelines and recommendations are informed by appropriately conducted, up-to-date systematic reviews that consider outcomes important to patients. Because judgments are involved in the interpretation of the evidence and the process of moving from evidence to recommendations, useful guidelines consider all relevant factors that have a bearing in a clinical decision and are not influenced by conflicts of interest. Conclusions and Relevance: In considering a guideline's recommendations, clinicians must decide whether there are important differences between the factors the guideline panel has considered in making recommendations and their own practice setting.

none 2021/326/15/1516-1523

Implementing the 27 PRISMA 2020 Statement items for systematic reviews in the sport and exercise...

Clare L Ardern , Fionn Bütt...

Br J Sports Med.

Poor reporting of medical and healthcare systematic reviews is a problem from which the sports and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, and sports science fields are not immune. Transparent, accurate and comprehensive systematic review reporting helps researchers replicate methods, readers understand what was done and why, and clinicians and policy-makers implement results in practice. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement and its accompanying Explanation and Elaboration document provide general reporting examples for systematic reviews of healthcare interventions. However, implementation guidance for sport and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, and sports science does not exist. The Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science (PERSiST) guidance attempts to address this problem. Nineteen content experts collaborated with three methods experts to identify examples of exemplary reporting in systematic reviews in sport and exercise medicine (including physical activity), musculoskeletal rehabilitation (including physiotherapy), and sports science, for each of the PRISMA 2020 Statement items. PERSiST aims to help: (1) systematic reviewers improve the transparency and reporting of systematic reviews and (2) journal editors and peer reviewers make informed decisions about systematic review reporting quality.

evaluation , , imp ... 2022/56/4/175-195

Presenting artificial intelligence, deep learning, and machine learning studies to clinicians an...

Jakub Olczak , John Pavlopo...

Acta Orthop.

Background and purpose - Artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL), and machine learning (ML) have become common research fields in orthopedics and medicine in general. Engineers perform much of the work. While they gear the results towards healthcare professionals, the difference in competencies and goals creates challenges for collaboration and knowledge exchange. We aim to provide clinicians with a context and understanding of AI research by facilitating communication between creators, researchers, clinicians, and readers of medical AI and ML research.Methods and results - We present the common tasks, considerations, and pitfalls (both methodological and ethical) that clinicians will encounter in AI research. We discuss the following topics: labeling, missing data, training, testing, and overfitting. Common performance and outcome measures for various AI and ML tasks are presented, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, Dice score, the area under the curve, and ROC curves. We also discuss ethical considerations in terms of privacy, fairness, autonomy, safety, responsibility, and liability regarding data collecting or sharing.Interpretation - We have developed guidelines for reporting medical AI research to clinicians in the run-up to a broader consensus process. The proposed guidelines consist of a Clinical Artificial Intelligence Research (CAIR) checklist and specific performance metrics guidelines to present and evaluate research using AI components. Researchers, engineers, clinicians, and other stakeholders can use these proposal guidelines and the CAIR checklist to read, present, and evaluate AI research geared towards a healthcare setting.

none 2021/92/5/513-525

AutoMeta

Training

Personalized training

The AutoMeta platform development team provides online, offline, or one-on-one training for domestic researchers, clinical doctors, and pharmaceutical companies. The training content includes traditional meta-analysis, network meta-analysis, diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis, GRADE evidence grading, and clinical practice guideline development methods. AutoMeta平台开发团队面向国内研究人员、临床医生和医药企业等提供线上、线下或一对一的培训，培训内容包括传统Meta分析、网状Meta分析、诊断试验准确性Meta分析、GRADE证据分级和临床实践指南制订方法等。

第八期临床实践指南方法学工作坊第一轮通知 为推广临床实践指南（简称指南）制订和实施的最新理论与方法，提升中国指南的质量，帮助医务人员更好地理解、评价和应用指南，由《中华医学杂志...

2024-07-22

317

系统评价/Meta分析的制作与与应用

Through the study of this course, participants will master the principles, methods and software operation of systematic reviews and meta-analysis, and be able to complete meta-analysis and write articl...

2023-10-18

542

AutoMeta

Top Journals' Systematic Reviews

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with infarct-related cardiogenic shock: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised trials

Background:Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is increasingly used in patients with cardiogenic shock despite the lack of evidence from adequately powered ra...

2023-10-17

Comparative effectiveness and safety of analgesic medicines for adults with acute non-specific low back pain: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of analgesic medicines for acute non-specific low back pain. Design:Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Dat...

2023-10-17

Anxiety Screening: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Anxiety is commonly seen in primary care and associated with substantial burden. Objective:To review the benefits and harms of screening and treatment for anxiety and th...

2023-10-17

24-Hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and Cardiovascular Risk

Background:The relation between sodium intake and cardiovascular disease remains controversial, owing in part to inaccurate assessment of sodium intake. Assessing 24-hour urinary ex...

2023-10-17

Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Patients With Cancer and Preexisting Autoimmune Disease A Systematic Review

2023-11-10

Treatment correlates of successful outcomes in pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: an individual patient data meta-analysis

Nafees Ahmad, Shama D Ahuja, Onno W Akkerman, Jan-Willem C Alffenaar, Laura F Anderson, Parvaneh Baghaei, Didi Bang, Pennan M Barry, Mayara L Bastos, Digamber Behera, Andrea Benedet...

2023-11-09

Global patterns of mortality in international migrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Robert W Aldridge, Laura B Nellums, Sean Bartlett, Anna Louise Barr, Parth Patel, Rachel Burns, Sally Hargreaves, J Jaime Miranda, Stephen Tollman, Jon S Friedland, Ibrahim Abubakar...

2023-11-09

Morbidity and mortality in homeless individuals, prisoners, sex workers, and individuals with substance use disorders in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Robert W Aldridge, Alistair Story, Stephen W Hwang, Merete Nordentoft, Serena A Luchenski, Greg Hartwell, Emily J Tweed, Dan Lewer, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Andrew C Hayward T...

2023-11-09

Detecting cervical precancer and reaching underscreened women by using HPV testing on self samples: updated meta-analyses

2023-11-09

Association Between Oxygen Saturation Targeting and Death or Disability in Extremely Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Oxygenation Prospective Meta-analysis Collaboration

Lisa M Askie, Brian A Darlow, Neil Finer, Barbara Schmidt , Ben Stenson, William Tarnow-Mordi, Peter G Davis, Waldemar A Carlo, Peter Brocklehurst, Lucy C Davie, Abhik Das, Wade Ric...

2023-11-09

Harms Reporting in Randomized Controlled Trials of Interventions Aimed at Modifying Microbiota A Systematic Review

2023-11-09

Immune-related adverse events for anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 drugs: systematic review and meta-analysis

2023-11-09

Artificial pancreas treatment for outpatients with type 1 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis

2023-11-09

Methods for Evaluating Natural Experiments in Obesity A Systematic Review

Wendy L Bennett, Renee F Wilson, Allen Zhang, Eva Tseng, Emily A Knapp, Hadi Kharrazi, Elizabeth A Stuart, Oluwaseun Shogbesan, Eric B Bass, Lawrence J Cheskin Annals of Internal Me...

2023-11-09

Physical Activity Interventions in Preventing Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer-Type Dementia A Systematic Review

Michelle Brasure, Priyanka Desai, Heather Davila, Victoria A Nelson, Collin Calvert, Eric Jutkowitz, Mary Butler, Howard A Fink, Edward Ratner, Laura S Hemmy, J Riley McCarten, Terr...

2023-11-09

Opioids for Chronic Noncancer Pain A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Jason W Busse, Li Wang, Mostafa Kamaleldin, Samantha Craigie, John J Riva, Luis Montoya, Sohail M Mulla, Luciane C Lopes, Nicole Vogel, Eric Chen, Karin Kirmayr, Kyle De Oliveira, L...

2023-11-09

Does Cognitive Training Prevent Cognitive Decline? A Systematic Review

Mary Butler, Ellen McCreedy, Victoria A Nelson, Priyanka Desai, Edward Ratner, Howard A Fink, Laura S Hemmy, J Riley McCarten, Terry R Barclay, Michelle Brasure, Heather Davila, Rob...

2023-11-09

Over-the-Counter Supplement Interventions to Prevent Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Clinical Alzheimer-Type Dementia A Systematic Review

Mary Butler, Victoria A Nelson, Heather Davila, Edward Ratner, Howard A Fink, Laura S Hemmy, J Riley McCarten, Terry R Barclay, Michelle Brasure, Robert L Kane Annals of Internal Me...

2023-11-09

Food sources of fructose-containing sugars and glycaemic control: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention studies

Vivian L Choo, Effie Viguiliouk, Sonia Blanco Mejia, Adrian I Cozma, Tauseef A Khan, Vanessa Ha, Thomas M S Wolever, Lawrence A Leiter, Vladimir Vuksa, Cyril W C Kendall, Russell J ...

2023-11-09

Environmental toxic metal contaminants and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis

Rajiv Chowdhury, Anna Ramond, Linda M O'Keeffe, Sara Shahzad, Setor K Kunutsor, Taulant Muka, John Gregson, Peter Willeit, Samantha Warnakula, Hassan Khan, Susmita Chowdhury, Reeta ...

2023-11-09

Mortality and morbidity in acutely ill adults treated with liberal versus conservative oxygen therapy (IOTA): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Derek K Chu, Lisa H-Y Kim, Paul J Young, Nima Zamiri, Saleh A Almenawer, Roman Jaeschke, Wojciech Szczeklik, Holger J Schünemann, John D Neary, Waleed Alhazzani The Lancet 2018 Apr...

2023-11-09

Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Andrea Cipriani, Prof Toshi A Furukawa, Georgia Salanti, Anna Chaimani, Lauren Z Atkinson, Yusuke Ogawa, Prof Stefan Leucht, Henricus G Ruhe, Erick H Turner, Prof Julian P T Higgins...

2023-11-09

Impact of patient and public involvement on enrolment and retention in clinical trials: systematic review and meta-analysis

2023-11-09

Percutaneous Closure Versus Medical Treatment in Stroke Patients With Patent Foramen Ovale A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2023-11-09

Association of Genetic Variants With Warfarin-Associated Bleeding Among Patients of African Descent

2023-11-09

Association Between Publication Characteristics and Treatment Effect Estimates A Meta-epidemiologic Study

2023-11-09

Treatments of Primary Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

Aaron M Drucker, Gaelen P Adam, Valerie Rofeberg, Abhilash Gazula, Bryant Smith, Farah Moustafa, Martin A Weinstock, Thomas A Trikalinos Annals of Internal Medicine 2018 Oct 2;169...

2023-11-09

Screening for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

2023-11-09

Association of Thyroid Hormone Therapy With Quality of Life and Thyroid-Related Symptoms in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2023-11-09

Health impacts of parental migration on left-behind children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gracia Fellmeth 1, Kelly Rose-Clarke 2, Chenyue Zhao 3, Laura K Busert , Yunting Zheng , Alessandro Massazza , Hacer Sonmez , Ben Eder , Alice Blewitt , Wachiraya Lertgrai , Miriam ...

2023-11-09

Screening for Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Cynthia Feltner, Ina Wallace, Nancy Berkman, Christine E Kistler , Jennifer Cook Middleton , Collen Barclay, Laura Higginbotham , Joshua T Green, Daniel E Jonas 2018 Oct 23;320(16):...

2023-11-09

Prostate-Specific Antigen-Based Screening for Prostate Cancer Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

2023-11-09

Prognostic Accuracy of the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment for Mortality in Patients With Suspected Infection A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2023-11-09

Association Between Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs and Nonfatal and Fatal Drug Overdoses A Systematic Review

David S Fink , Julia P Schleimer, Aaron Sarvet , Kiran K Grover , Chris Delcher , Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia , June H Kim , Ariadne E Rivera-Aguirre, Stephen G Henry, Silvia S Martin...

2023-11-09

Pharmacologic Interventions to Prevent Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Clinical Alzheimer-Type Dementia A Systematic Review

Howard A Fink, Eric Jutkowitz , J Riley McCarten, Laura S Hemmy, Mary Butler, Heather Davila, Edward Ratner, Collin Calvert , Terry R Barclay, Michelle Brasure, Victoria A Nelson, R...

2023-11-09

Effect of treatment delay on the effectiveness and safety of antifibrinolytics in acute severe haemorrhage: a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data from 40 138 bleeding patients

Angèle Gayet-Ageron, David Prieto-Merino , Katharine Ker, Haleema Shakur, François-Xavier Ageron, Ian Roberts ; Antifibrinolytic Trials Collaboration 2018 Jan 13;391(10116):125-13...

2023-11-09

Marijuana Use, Respiratory Symptoms, and Pulmonary Function A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2023-11-09

Potentially serious incidental findings on brain and body magnetic resonance imaging of apparently asymptomatic adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

2023-11-09

Association of Pharmacological Treatments With Long-term Pain Control in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2023-11-09

Screening for Peripheral Artery Disease Using the Ankle-Brachial Index Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

2023-11-09

Interventions to Prevent Falls in Older Adults Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

2023-11-09

Low cigarette consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies in 55 study reports

Objective: To use the relation between cigarette consumption and cardiovascular disease to quantify the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke for light smoking (one to five ciga...

2023-11-09

Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone for acute minor ischaemic stroke or high risk transient ischaemic attack: systematic review and meta-analysis

2023-11-09

Statins and Multiple Noncardiovascular Outcomes Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses of Observational Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials

Yazhou He, Xue Li, Danijela Gasevic, Eleanor Brunt, Fiona McLachlan, Marisa Millenson, Maria Timofeeva, John P A Ioannidis, Harry Campbell, Evropi Theodoratou 2018 Oct 16;169(8):543...

2023-11-09

Mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting for coronary artery disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data

Stuart J Head, Milan Milojevic, Joost Daemen, Jung-Min Ahn, Eric Boersma, Evald H Christiansen, Michael J Domanski, Michael E Farkouh, Marcus Flather, Valentin Fuster, Mark A Hlatky...

2023-11-09

Screening for Ovarian Cancer Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

2023-11-09

Behavioral Counseling for Skin Cancer Prevention Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

2023-11-09

Prostate cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2023-11-09

Screening for Atrial Fibrillation With Electrocardiography Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

2023-11-09

Screening for Cardiovascular Disease Risk With Resting or Exercise Electrocardiography Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

2023-11-09

Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

2023-11-09

Interventions to Improve Medication Adherence A Review

2023-11-09

Provider Types and Outcomes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Case Finding and Treatment A Systematic Review

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis and care models rely on sleep specialist physicians (SSPs) and can be expensive and inefficient. Purpose: To assess OSA case-fin...

2023-11-09

Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: Overweight and obesity have been associated with adverse health effects. Objective: To systematically review evidence on benefits and harms of behavioral and pharmacoth...

2023-11-09

Screening for Syphilis Infection in Pregnant Women Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: The incidence of syphilis and congenital syphilis in the United States has increased after reaching historic lows in the early 2000s. Objective: To systematically revie...

2023-11-09

Nontraditional Risk Factors in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: Incorporating nontraditional risk factors may improve the performance of traditional multivariable risk assessment for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective: To syste...

2023-11-09

Interventions for Preventing Thromboembolic Events in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation A Systematic Review

Background: The comparative safety and effectiveness of treatments to prevent thromboembolic complications in atrial fibrillation (AF) remain uncertain. Purpose: To compare the eff...

2023-11-09

Comparative Benefits and Harms of Basal Insulin Analogues for Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Basal insulin analogues aim for protracted glycemic control with minimal adverse effects. Purpose: To assess the comparative efficacy and safety of basal insulin analog...

2023-11-09

Evaluation of the diet wide contribution to serum urate levels: meta-analysis of population based cohorts

Objective: To systematically test dietary components for association with serum urate levels and to evaluate the relative contributions of estimates of diet pattern and inherited ge...

2023-11-09

Long term adjuvant endocrine therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease in female breast cancer survivors: systematic review

Objective: To investigate the effect of endocrine therapies on a wide range of specific clinical cardiovascular disease outcomes in women with a history of non-metastatic breast can...

2023-11-09

Association of Vasopressin Plus Catecholamine Vasopressors vs Catecholamines Alone With Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Distributive Shock A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance: Vasopressin is an alternative to catecholamine vasopressors for patients with distributive shock-a condition due to excessive vasodilation, most frequently from severe i...

2023-11-09

Screening for Cervical Cancer With High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: Cervical cancer can be prevented with detection and treatment of precancerous cell changes caused primarily by high-risk types of human papillomavirus (hrHPV), the causa...

2023-11-09

Comparative Effectiveness of Implementation Strategies for Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Patients A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: The prevalence of hypertension is high and is increasing worldwide, whereas the proportion of controlled hypertension is low. Purpose: To assess the comparative effecti...

2023-11-09

Association of Placebo, Indomethacin, Ibuprofen, and Acetaminophen With Closure of Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance: Despite increasing emphasis on conservative management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants, different pharmacotherapeutic interventions are used to trea...

2023-11-09

Clinical Outcomes Associated With Sickle Cell Trait A Systematic Review

Background: Although sickle cell trait (SCT) is largely a benign carrier state, it may increase risk for certain clinical outcomes. Purpose: To evaluate associations between SCT an...

2023-11-09

Atraumatic versus conventional lumbar puncture needles: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Atraumatic needles have been proposed to lower complication rates after lumbar puncture. However, several surveys indicate that clinical adoption of these needles remain...

2023-11-09

Association Between Baseline LDL-C Level and Total and Cardiovascular Mortality After LDL-C Lowering A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance: Effects on specific fatal and nonfatal end points appear to vary for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering drug trials. Objective: To evaluate whether ba...

2023-11-09

Screening for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review for the Women's Preventive Services Initiative

Background: Urinary incontinence is infrequently addressed during routine health care despite its high prevalence and adverse effects on health. Purpose: To evaluate whether screen...

2023-11-09

Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Reduce Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Adults Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: Unhealthy alcohol use is common, increasing, and a leading cause of premature mortality. Objective: To review literature on the effectiveness and harms of screening and...

2023-11-09

Mid- and Long-Term Health Risks in Living Kidney Donors A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Long-term health risks for adults who donate kidneys are unclear. Purpose: To summarize evidence about mid- and long-term health risks associated with living kidney don...

2023-11-09

Prevalence and outcomes of incidental imaging findings: umbrella review

Objective: To provide an overview of the evidence on prevalence and outcomes of incidental imaging findings. Design: Umbrella review of systematic reviews. Data sources: Searches ...

2023-11-09

Evidence Underpinning the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Management Bundle (SEP-1) A Systematic Review

Background: The Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early Management Bundle (SEP-1), the sepsis performance measure introduced in 2015 by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CM...

2023-11-09

Associations Between Marijuana Use and Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Outcomes A Systematic Review

Background: Marijuana use is increasing in the United States, and its effect on cardiovascular health is unknown. Purpose: To review harms and benefits of marijuana use in relation...

2023-11-09

Prevalence of Burnout Among Physicians A Systematic Review

Importance: Burnout is a self-reported job-related syndrome increasingly recognized as a critical factor affecting physicians and their patients. An accurate estimate of burnout pre...

2023-11-09

Device Closure Versus Medical Therapy Alone for Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients With Cryptogenic Stroke A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: The optimal strategy for preventing recurrent stroke in patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale (PFO) is unknown. Purpose: To compare transcatheter PF...

2023-11-09

Benefits and Harms of Cranial Electrical Stimulation for Chronic Painful Conditions, Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia A Systematic Review

Background: Cranial electrical stimulation (CES) is increasingly popular as a treatment, yet its clinical benefit is unclear. Purpose: To review evidence about the benefits and har...

2023-11-09

Efficacy of PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors and PD-L1 expression status in cancer: meta-analysis

Objective: To evaluate the relative efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors versus conventional drugs in patients with cancer...

2023-11-09

Outcomes of non-invasive diagnostic modalities for the detection of coronary artery disease: network meta-analysis of diagnostic randomised controlled trials

Objective: To evaluate differences in downstream testing, coronary revascularisation, and clinical outcomes following non-invasive diagnostic modalities used to detect coronary arte...

2023-11-09

Association of Inhaled Corticosteroids and Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists With Asthma Control in Patients With Uncontrolled, Persistent Asthma A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance: Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) are a potential adjunct therapy to inhaled corticosteroids in the management of persistent asthma. Objective: To conduct a sy...

2023-11-09

Association of Inhaled Corticosteroids and Long-Acting beta-Agonists as Controller and Quick Relief Therapy With Exacerbations and Symptom Control in Persistent Asthma A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance: Combined use of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonists (LABAs) as the controller and the quick relief therapy termed single maintenance and reliever therapy...

2023-11-09

Clinical course of untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 under active surveillance: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To estimate the regression, persistence, and progression of untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) lesions managed conservatively as well as complian...

2023-11-09

Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care natriuretic peptide testing for chronic heart failure in ambulatory care: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care natriuretic peptide tests in patients with chronic heart failure, with a focus on the ambulatory care setting. Design:...

2023-11-09

Association between use of systematic reviews and national policy recommendations on screening newborn babies for rare diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To understand whether international differences in recommendations of whether to screen for rare diseases using the newborn blood spot test might in part be explained by ...

2023-11-09

Efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of herpes zoster vaccines in adults aged 50 and older: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective: To compare the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of the herpes zoster live attenuated vaccine with the herpes zoster adjuvant recombinant subunit vaccine or placebo for...

2023-11-09

Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: Child maltreatment, also referred to as child abuse and neglect, can result in lifelong negative consequences. Objective: To update the evidence on interventions provid...

2023-11-09

Screening to Prevent Osteoporotic Fractures Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: Osteoporotic fractures cause significant morbidity and mortality. Objective: To update the evidence on screening and treatment to prevent osteoporotic fractures for the...

2023-11-09

Baseline and on-statin treatment lipoprotein(a) levels for prediction of cardiovascular events: individual patient-data meta-analysis of statin outcome trials

Background: Elevated lipoprotein(a) is a genetic risk factor for cardiovascular disease in general population studies. However, its contribution to risk for cardiovascular events in...

2023-11-09

Comparative safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective: To provide a complete toxicity profile, toxicity spectrum, and a safety ranking of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) drugs for treatment of cancer. Design: Systematic re...

2023-11-09

Association Between Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors, Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Agonists, and Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors With All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance: The comparative clinical efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inh...

2023-11-09

Triple therapy in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To compare the rate of moderate to severe exacerbations between triple therapy and dual therapy or monotherapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COP...

2023-11-09

2-year outcomes with the Absorb bioresorbable scaffold for treatment of coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of seven randomised trials with an individual patient data substudy

Background:Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) offer the potential to improve long-term outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention after their complete bioresorption. Randomi...

2023-11-07

Bone Health and Bone-Targeted Therapies for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Bone health is a significant concern in men with prostate cancer. Purpose:To evaluate the effectiveness of drug, supplement, and lifestyle interventions aimed at prevent...

2023-11-07

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Treating Low Back Pain A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is frequently used to treat pain-related conditions, but its effects on low back pain are uncertain. Purpose:To assess the effi...

2023-11-07

Methods and Reporting Studies Assessing Fecal Microbiota Transplantation A Systematic Review

Background:Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could be a novel treatment option for several chronic diseases associated with altered gut microbiota. Purpose:To examine the cond...

2023-11-07

Risk of acute myocardial infarction with NSAIDs in real world use: bayesian meta-analysis of individual patient data

ObjectiveTo characterise the determinants, time course, and risks of acute myocardial infarction associated with use of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).DesignSys...

2023-11-07

Renin angiotensin system inhibitors for patients with stable coronary artery disease without heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Objective:To critically evaluate the efficacy of renin angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) in patients with coronary artery disease without heart failure, compared with active cont...

2023-11-07

Efficacy and effectiveness of screen and treat policies in prevention of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of screening tests and interventions

Objectives:To assess diagnostic accuracy of screening tests for pre-diabetes and efficacy of interventions (lifestyle or metformin) in preventing onset of type 2 diabetes in people ...

2023-11-07

Inter-rater agreement in evaluation of disability: systematic review of reproducibility studies

Objectives:To explore agreement among healthcare professionals assessing eligibility for work disability benefits. Design:Systematic review and narrative synthesis of reproducibili...

2023-11-07

Risk of relapse after antidepressant discontinuation in anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of relapse prevention trials

ObjectivesTo examine the risk of relapse and time to relapse after discontinuation of antidepressants in patients with anxiety disorder who responded to antidepressants, and to expl...

2023-11-07

Impact of searching clinical trial registries in systematic reviews of pharmaceutical treatments: methodological systematic review and reanalysis of meta-analyses

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of searching clinical trial registries in systematic reviews.DesignMethodological systematic review and reanalyses of meta-analyses.Data sourcesMedli...

2023-11-07

Association of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Concentration With Cardiac Outcomes in Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome

Importance:High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I testing is widely used to evaluate patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. A cardiac troponin concentration of less than 5 ng...

2023-11-07

Screening for Celiac Disease Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Silent or subclinical celiac disease may result in potentially avoidable adverse health consequences. Objective:To review the evidence on benefits and harms of screening...

2023-11-07

Nonpharmacologic Therapies for Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review for an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline

Background:A 2007 American College of Physicians guideline addressed nonpharmacologic treatment options for low back pain. New evidence is now available. Purpose:To systematically ...

2023-11-07

Systemic Pharmacologic Therapies for Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review for an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline

Background:A 2007 American College of Physicians guideline addressed pharmacologic options for low back pain. New evidence and medications have now become available. Purpose:To rev...

2023-11-07

Management of Suspected Opioid Overdose With Naloxone in Out-of-Hospital Settings A Systematic Review

Background:Naloxone is effective for reversing opioid overdose, but optimal strategies for out-of-hospital use are uncertain. Purpose:To synthesize evidence on 1) the effects of na...

2023-11-07

Quarter-dose quadruple combination therapy for initial treatment of hypertension: placebo-controlled, crossover, randomised trial and systematic review

Background:Globally, most patients with hypertension are treated with monotherapy, and control rates are poor because monotherapy only reduces blood pressure by around 9/5 mm Hg on ...

2023-11-07

Benefits and Risks of Antithrombotic Therapy in Essential Thrombocythemia A Systematic Review

Background:Patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) are at high risk for both thrombosis and hemorrhage. Purpose:To evaluate the risks and benefits of antithrombotic therapy in...

2023-11-07

Differential effect of mass deworming and targeted deworming for soil-transmitted helminth control in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Soil-transmitted helminth infections are a major global health issue, causing substantial morbidity in the world's poorest populations. Regular delivery of anthelmintic d...

2023-11-07

Pregnancy, thrombophilia, and the risk of a first venous thrombosis: systematic review and bayesian meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo provide evidence to support updated guidelines for the management of pregnant women with hereditary thrombophilia in order to reduce the risk of a first venous thromboem...

2023-11-07

Clinical Outcomes of Metformin Use in Populations With Chronic Kidney Disease, Congestive Heart Failure, or Chronic Liver Disease A Systematic Review

Background:Recent changes to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration boxed warning for metformin will increase its use in persons with historical contraindications or precautions. Pre...

2023-11-07

ffectiveness of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of pain in knee and hip osteoarthritis: a network meta-analysis

Background:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the backbone of osteoarthritis pain management. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of different preparations and dose...

2023-11-07

Oral Direct-Acting Agent Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus Infection A Systematic Review

Background:Rapid improvements in hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy have led to the approval of multiple oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens by the U.S. Food and Drug Administr...

2023-11-07

Patient Outcomes in Dose Reduction or Discontinuation of Long-Term Opioid Therapy A Systematic Review

Background:Expert guidelines recommend reducing or discontinuing long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) when risks outweigh benefits, but evidence on the effect of dose reduction on patien...

2023-11-07

Effect of specialist palliative care services on quality of life in adults with advanced incurable illness in hospital, hospice, or community settings: systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of specialist palliative care on quality of life and additional outcomes relevant to patients in those with advanced illness.DesignSystematic review wi...

2023-11-07

Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Postmenopausal status coincides with increased risks for chronic conditions such as heart disease, osteoporosis, cognitive impairment, or some types of cancers. Previousl...

2023-11-07

Association of Gestational Weight Gain With Maternal and Infant Outcomes A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance:Body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain are increasing globally. In 2009, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) provided specific recommendations regarding the ideal ...

2023-11-07

Periodic Screening Pelvic Examination Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Recent changes in the periodicity of cervical cancer screening have led to questions about the role of screening pelvic examinations among asymptomatic women. Objective:...

2023-11-05

Patient Outcomes in Dose Reduction or Discontinuation of Long-Term Opioid Therapy A Systematic Review

Background:Expert guidelines recommend reducing or discontinuing long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) when risks outweigh benefits, but evidence on the effect of dose reduction on patien...

2023-11-05

Overweight, obesity, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: pooled analysis of individual-level data for 120 813 adults from 16 cohort studies from the USA and Europe

Background:Although overweight and obesity have been studied in relation to individual cardiometabolic diseases, their association with risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity is poo...

2023-11-05

Oral Direct-Acting Agent Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus Infection A Systematic Review

Background:Rapid improvements in hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy have led to the approval of multiple oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens by the U.S. Food and Drug Administr...

2023-11-05

Oral anticoagulants for prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation: systematic review, network meta-analysis, and cost effectiveness analysis

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy, safety, and cost effectiveness of direct acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for patients with atrial fibrillation.DesignSystematic review, network ...

2023-11-05

Optimal timing of an invasive strategy in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomised trials

Background:A routine invasive strategy is recommended for patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS). However, optimal timing of invasive strategy is less cl...

2023-11-05

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment

Importance:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder associated with significant impairment and a lifetime prevalence of 1% to 3%; however, it is often miss...

2023-11-05

Obesity and gynaecological and obstetric conditions: umbrella review of the literature

ObjectiveTo study the strength and validity of associations between adiposity and risk of any type of obstetric or gynaecological conditions.DesignAn umbrella review of meta-analyse...

2023-11-05

Nonpharmacologic Therapies for Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review for an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline

ObjectiveTo compare the risk for all cause and overdose mortality in people with opioid dependence during and after substitution treatment with methadone or buprenorphine and to cha...

2023-11-05

Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

ObjectiveTo compare the risk for all cause and overdose mortality in people with opioid dependence during and after substitution treatment with methadone or buprenorphine and to cha...

2023-11-05

Morphological suitability for endovascular repair, non-intervention rates, and operative mortality in women and men assessed for intact abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: systematic reviews with meta-analysis

Background:Prognosis for women with abdominal aortic aneurysm might be worse than the prognosis for men. We aimed to systematically quantify the differences in outcomes between men ...

2023-11-05

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Treating Low Back Pain A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is frequently used to treat pain-related conditions, but its effects on low back pain are uncertain. Purpose:To assess the effi...

2023-11-05

Mid- and Long-Term Outcome Comparisons of Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Scaffolds Versus Everolimus-Eluting Metallic Stents A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Percutaneous coronary interventions to implant bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVSs) were designed to reduce the late thrombotic events that occur with metallic stents....

2023-11-05

Methods and Reporting Studies Assessing Fecal Microbiota Transplantation A Systematic Review

Background:Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could be a novel treatment option for several chronic diseases associated with altered gut microbiota. Purpose:To examine the cond...

2023-11-05

Management of Suspected Opioid Overdose With Naloxone in Out-of-Hospital Settings: A Systematic Review

Background:Naloxone is effective for reversing opioid overdose, but optimal strategies for out-of-hospital use are uncertain. Purpose:To synthesize evidence on 1) the effects of na...

2023-11-05

Low intensity pulsed ultrasound for bone healing: systematic review of randomized controlled trials

ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for healing of fracture or osteotomy.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline, Emb...

2023-11-05

Interventions to Improve Follow-up of Positive Results on Fecal Blood Tests A Systematic Review

Background:Fecal immunochemical testing is the most commonly used method for colorectal cancer screening worldwide. However, its effectiveness is frequently undermined by failure to...

2023-11-05

Inter-rater agreement in evaluation of disability: systematic review of reproducibility studies

Objectives:To explore agreement among healthcare professionals assessing eligibility for work disability benefits. Design:Systematic review and narrative synthesis of reproducibili...

2023-11-05

Incretin based treatments and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of incretin based treatment on all cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.Data...

2023-11-05

Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators for Primary Prevention in Patients With Ischemic or Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have a role in preventing cardiac arrest in patients at risk for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Purpose:To comp...

2023-11-05

Impact of searching clinical trial registries in systematic reviews of pharmaceutical treatments: methodological systematic review and reanalysis of meta-analyses

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of searching clinical trial registries in systematic reviews.DesignMethodological systematic review and reanalyses of meta-analyses.Data sourcesMedli...

2023-11-05

Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Postmenopausal status coincides with increased risks for chronic conditions such as heart disease, osteoporosis, cognitive impairment, or some types of cancers. Previousl...

2023-11-05

Growth and Rupture Risk of Small Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms A Systematic Review

Background:Small unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) are increasingly diagnosed. Management depends on growth and rupture risks, which may vary by aneurysm size. Purpose:To su...

2023-11-05

Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: state of the evidence from a systematic review of randomised trials

ObjectivesTo estimate the effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on 11 maternal and 27 neonatal/infant outcomes; to determine frequencies at which trial outcome data ...

2023-11-02

Corticosteroids for treatment of sore throat: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

ObjectiveTo estimate the benefits and harms of using corticosteroids as an adjunct treatment for sore throat.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials.D...

2023-11-02

Low intensity pulsed ultrasound for bone healing: systematic review of randomized controlled trials

ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for healing of fracture or osteotomy.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline, Emb...

2023-11-02

Interventions to Improve Follow-up of Positive Results on Fecal Blood Tests A Systematic Review

Background:Fecal immunochemical testing is the most commonly used method for colorectal cancer screening worldwide. However, its effectiveness is frequently undermined by failure to...

2023-11-02

Does This Child Have Pneumonia? The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review

Importance:Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. It is important to identify the clinical symptoms and physical examination findings associated with p...

2023-11-02

Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

ObjectiveTo compare the risk for all cause and overdose mortality in people with opioid dependence during and after substitution treatment with methadone or buprenorphine and to cha...

2023-11-02

Socioeconomic status and the 25 x 25 risk factors as determinants of premature mortality: a multicohort study and meta-analysis of 1.7 million men and women

Background:In 2011, WHO member states signed up to the 25 × 25 initiative, a plan to cut mortality due to non-communicable diseases by 25% by 2025. However, socioeconomic factors i...

2023-11-02

Comparisons of Interventions for Preventing Falls in Older Adults A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance:Falls result in substantial burden for patients and health care systems, and given the aging of the population worldwide, the incidence of falls continues to rise. Objec...

2023-11-02

Morphological suitability for endovascular repair, non-intervention rates, and operative mortality in women and men assessed for intact abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: systematic reviews with meta-analysis

Background:Prognosis for women with abdominal aortic aneurysm might be worse than the prognosis for men. We aimed to systematically quantify the differences in outcomes between men ...

2023-11-02

Screening for Occult Cancer in Patients With Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data

Background:Screening for cancer in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) often is considered, but clinicians need precise data on cancer prevalence, risk factors, an...

2023-11-02

Early Versus Delayed Feeding in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis A Systematic Review

Background:Acute pancreatitis is among the most common and costly reasons for hospitalization in the United States. Bowel rest, pain control, and intravenous fluids are the cornerst...

2023-11-02

Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: An Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Neural tube defects are among the most common congenital anomalies in the United States. Periconceptional folic acid supplementation is a primary care-relevant preventive...

2023-11-02

Treatment strategies for women with WHO group II anovulation: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Importance:Neural tube defects are among the most common birth defects in the US. Objective:To review new evidence on the benefits and harms of folic acid supplementation for the p...

2023-11-02

Benefits and Harms of Intensive Blood Pressure Treatment in Adults Aged 60 Years or Older A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Recent guidelines recommend a systolic blood pressure (SBP) goal of less than 150 mm Hg for adults aged 60 years or older, but the balance of benefits and harms is unclea...

2023-11-02

Benefits and Harms of Osteoporosis Medications in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) include weak bones and increased fracture risk. Purpose:To review the benefits and harms of osteoporosis medications (bisph...

2023-11-02

Association of Positive Airway Pressure With Cardiovascular Events and Death in Adults With Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance:Sleep apnea (obstructive and central) is associated with adverse cardiovascular risk factors and increased risks of cardiovascular disease. Positive airway pressure (PAP)...

2023-11-02

Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection An Updated Network Meta-analysis

Background:Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is an important component of tuberculosis (TB) control, and this study updates a previous network meta-analysis of the b...

2023-11-02

Mid- and Long-Term Outcome Comparisons of Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Scaffolds Versus Everolimus-Eluting Metallic Stents A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Percutaneous coronary interventions to implant bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVSs) were designed to reduce the late thrombotic events that occur with metallic stents....

2023-11-02

Association Between Calcium or Vitamin D Supplementation and Fracture Incidence in Community-Dwelling Older Adults A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance:The increased social and economic burdens for osteoporosis-related fractures worldwide make the prevention of such injuries a major public health goal. Previous studies h...

2023-11-02

Operative treatment versus nonoperative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: To compare re-rupture rate, complication rate, and functional outcome after operative versus nonoperative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures; to compare re-rupture ra...

2023-11-01

Antipsychotics for Preventing Delirium in Hospitalized Adults A Systematic Review

Background: Delirium is an acute disorder marked by impairments in attention and cognition, caused by an underlying medical problem. Antipsychotics are used to prevent delirium, but...

2023-11-01

Association of adverse perinatal outcomes of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy with biochemical markers: results of aggregate and individual patient data meta-analyses

Background: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, but the association with the concentration of specific biochemical markers is unclea...

2023-11-01

Prevalence, severity, and nature of preventable patient harm across medical care settings: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To systematically quantify the prevalence, severity, and nature of preventable patient harm across a range of medical settings globally. Design: Systematic review and me...

2023-11-01

Drug-eluting or bare-metal stents for percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials

Background: New-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) have mostly been investigated in head-to-head non-inferiority trials against early-generation DES and have typically shown simil...

2023-11-01

Carbohydrate quality and human health: a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Background: Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses explaining the relationship between carbohydrate quality and health have usually examined a single marker and a limited num...

2023-11-01

Benefits and harms of spinal manipulative therapy for the treatment of chronic low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objective: To assess the benefits and harms of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) for the treatment of chronic low back pain. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomis...

2023-11-01

Association of General Anesthesia vs Procedural Sedation With Functional Outcome Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Thrombectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance: General anesthesia during thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke has been associated with poor neurological outcome in nonrandomized studies. Three single-center randomi...

2023-11-01

Clinical outcomes after ABO-incompatible renal transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: ABO-incompatible renal transplantation (ABOi-rTx) is increasingly used to overcome organ shortage. Evidence about its non-inferiority in comparison with ABO-compatible r...

2023-11-01

Screening for HIV Infection in Pregnant Women Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: Prenatal screening for HIV can inform use of interventions to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) previously ...

2023-11-01

Effect of breakfast on weight and energy intake: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objective: To examine the effect of regular breakfast consumption on weight change and energy intake in people living in high income countries. Design: Systematic review and meta-a...

2023-11-01

Addressing political, economic, administrative, regulatory, logistical, ethical, and social challenges to clinical research responses to emerging epidemics and pandemics: a systematic review

Addressing political, economic, administrative, regulatory, logistical, ethical, and social challenges to clinical research responses to emerging epidemics and pandemics: a systemat...

2023-11-01

Pharmacological treatments for generalised anxiety disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background: Generalised anxiety disorder is a disease that can be associated with substantial dysfunction. Pharmacological treatment is often the first choice for clinicians because...

2023-11-01

Maternal and perinatal mortality and complications associated with caesarean section in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Universal and timely access to a caesarean section is a key requirement for safe childbirth. We identified the burden of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity, ...

2023-11-01

Antithrombotic treatment after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective: To assess the effects of different oral antithrombotic drugs that prevent saphenous vein graft failure in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Desig...

2023-11-01

Evidence Relating Health Care Provider Burnout and Quality of Care A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Whether health care provider burnout contributes to lower quality of patient care is unclear. Purpose: To estimate the overall relationship between burnout and quality ...

2023-11-01

Association between intake of non-sugar sweeteners and health outcomes: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials and observational studies

Objective: To assess the association between intake of non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) and important health outcomes in generally healthy or overweight/obese adults and children. Design...

2023-11-01

Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Heart Failure A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk. Purpose: To compare benefits and harm...

2023-11-01

Health-Related Values and Preferences Regarding Meat Consumption A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review

Background: A person's meat consumption is often determined by their values and preferences. Purpose: To identify and evaluate evidence addressing health-related values and prefere...

2023-11-01

Patterns of Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk for Cardiometabolic and Cancer Outcomes A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies

Background: Studying dietary patterns may provide insights into the potential effects of red and processed meat on health outcomes. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of dietary patte...

2023-11-01

Comparative Efficacy of Interventions for Aggressive and Agitated Behaviors in Dementia A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

Background: Both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions are used to treat neuropsychiatric symptoms in persons with dementia. Purpose: To summarize the comparative effica...

2023-11-01

Patient relevant outcomes of unicompartmental versus total knee replacement: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To present a clear and comprehensive summary of the published data on unicompartmental knee replacement (UKA) or total knee replacement (TKA), comparing domains of outcom...

2023-11-01

Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of standard term (12 months) or long term (>12 months) dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) versus short term (<6 months) DAPT after percu...

2023-11-01

Therapeutic effects of rehabilitation training methods on spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis

Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a lesion of neural elements of spinal cord. Frequently, there is motor incomplete injury and locomotor disability. Robot assisted locomotor tr...

2023-11-01

SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials

Background: The magnitude of effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on specific cardiovascular and renal outcomes and whether heterogeneity is based on key bas...

2023-11-01

Effect of Lower Versus Higher Red Meat Intake on Cardiometabolic and Cancer Outcomes A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials

Background: Few randomized trials have evaluated the effect of reducing red meat intake on clinically important outcomes. Purpose: To summarize the effect of lower versus higher re...

2023-11-01

Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk for All-Cause Mortality and Cardiometabolic Outcomes A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies

Background: Dietary guidelines generally recommend limiting intake of red and processed meat. However, the quality of evidence implicating red and processed meat in adverse health o...

2023-11-01

Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To investigate whether vitamin D supplementation is associated with lower mortality in adults. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trial...

2023-11-01

Efficacy and safety of first line treatments for patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor mutated, non-small cell lung cancer: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of first line treatments for patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)....

2023-11-01

Association of Aspirin Use for Primary Prevention With Cardiovascular Events and Bleeding Events A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance: The role for aspirin in cardiovascular primary prevention remains controversial, with potential benefits limited by an increased bleeding risk. Objective: To assess the...

2023-11-01

Association between financial links to indoor tanning industry and conclusions of published studies on indoor tanning: systematic review

Objective: To assess whether an association exists between financial links to the indoor tanning industry and conclusions of indoor tanning literature. Design: Systematic review. ...

2023-11-01

Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To determine the clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant and recently pregnant women with suspected or confirmed coronaviru...

2023-11-01

Diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for covid-19: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19). Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: Medline, b...

2023-11-01

Comparison of risk factor associations in UK Biobank against representative, general population based studies with conventional response rates: prospective cohort study and individual participant meta-analysis

Objective: To compare established associations between risk factors and mortality in UK Biobank, a study with an exceptionally low rate of response to its baseline survey, against t...

2023-11-01

Mortality in adults with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV by antiretroviral therapy and tuberculosis drug use: an individual patient data meta-analysis

Background: HIV-infection is associated with increased mortality during multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment, but the extent to which the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) a...

2023-11-01

Management of Acute Pain From Non-Low Back, Musculoskeletal Injuries A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials

Background: Patients and clinicians can choose from several treatment options to address acute pain from non-low back, musculoskeletal injuries. Purpose: To assess the comparative ...

2023-11-01

Association between prediabetes and risk of all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease: updated meta-analysis

Objective: To evaluate the associations between prediabetes and the risk of all cause mortality and incident cardiovascular disease in the general population and in patients with a ...

2023-11-01

Absolute risk of tuberculosis among untreated populations with a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay result: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To determine the annual rate of tuberculosis development after a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-gamma release assay result (IGRA), or both, among untre...

2023-11-01

Treatment interventions to maintain abstinence from alcohol in primary care: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective: To determine the most effective interventions in recently detoxified, alcohol dependent patients for implementation in primary care. Design: Systematic review and networ...

2023-11-01

Associations between high temperatures in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirths: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To assess whether exposure to high temperatures in pregnancy is associated with increased risk for preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. Design: Systematic re...

2023-11-01

Monotherapy with a P2Y 12 inhibitor or aspirin for secondary prevention in patients with established atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Antiplatelet therapy is recommended among patients with established atherosclerosis. We compared monotherapy with a P2Y12 inhibitor versus aspirin for secondary preventi...

2023-11-01

Diagnosis and Treatment of Lower Extremity Venous Thromboembolism: A Review

Importance: Incidence rates for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) range from 88 to 112 per 100 000 person-years and increase with age. Rates of recurrent VTE range from 20%...

2023-11-01

Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: A 2014 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection associated with improved intermediate outc...

2023-11-01

Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: A 2013 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening found interferon-based antiviral therapy associated with increas...

2023-11-01

Masks for Prevention of Respiratory Virus Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2, in Health Care and Community Settings A Living Rapid Review

Background: Recommendations on masks for preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vary. Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of N95, surgical, and cloth masks in community a...

2023-11-01

Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 and is spread person-to-person through close contact. We aimed to investigate the effects of...

2023-11-01

Effect of Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review Prepared for the 2020 US Department of Veterans Affairs/US Department of Defense Guidelines

Background: Recent clinical trials suggest that treating patients with hypertension to lower blood pressure (BP) targets improves cardiovascular outcomes. Purpose: To summarize the...

2023-11-01

Scope, quality, and inclusivity of clinical guidelines produced early in the covid-19 pandemic: rapid review

Objective: To appraise the availability, quality, and inclusivity of clinical guidelines produced in the early stage of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. Design: Ra...

2023-11-01

Efficacy and Safety of Testosterone Treatment in Men: An Evidence Report for a Clinical Practice Guideline by the American College of Physicians

Background: Testosterone treatment rates in adult men have increased in the United States over the past 2 decades. Purpose: To assess the benefits and harms of testosterone treatme...

2023-11-01

Pharmacologic Therapies in Patients With Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by frequent exacerbations. Purpose: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and adverse events (AEs) of ...

2023-11-01

Egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: three large prospective US cohort studies, systematic review, and updated meta-analysis

Objective: To evaluate the association between egg intake and cardiovascular disease risk among women and men in the United States, and to conduct a meta-analysis of prospective coh...

2023-11-01

Industry funding of patient and health consumer organisations: systematic review with meta-analysis

Objective: To investigate pharmaceutical or medical device industry funding of patient groups. Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data sources: Ovid Medline, Embase, We...

2023-11-01

Association of Noninvasive Oxygenation Strategies With All-Cause Mortality in Adults With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance: Treatment with noninvasive oxygenation strategies such as noninvasive ventilation and high-flow nasal oxygen may be more effective than standard oxygen therapy alone in ...

2023-11-01

Benefits and Harms of Prescription Drugs and Supplements for Treatment of Clinical Alzheimer-Type Dementia A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Effects of drug treatment of clinical Alzheimer-type dementia (CATD) are uncertain. Purpose: To summarize evidence on the effects of prescription drugs and supplements ...

2023-11-01

Accuracy of Biomarker Testing for Neuropathologically Defined Alzheimer Disease in Older Adults With Dementia A Systematic Review

Background: Biomarker accuracy for Alzheimer disease (AD) is uncertain. Purpose: To summarize evidence on biomarker accuracy for classifying AD in older adults with dementia. Data...

2023-11-01

The time to act is now: pseudo-systematic review

Objective: To identify any medical or public health rationale for claims that the time to act is now. Design: Pseudo-systematic review. Data sources: PubMed. Study selection: Stu...

2023-11-01

Algorithm based smartphone apps to assess risk of skin cancer in adults: systematic review of diagnostic accuracy studies

Objective: To examine the validity and findings of studies that examine the accuracy of algorithm based smartphone applications ("apps") to assess risk of skin cancer in suspicious ...

2023-11-01

Screening for Hypertension in Children and Adolescents Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: Childhood hypertension can result in adverse outcomes during adulthood; identifying and treating primary and secondary childhood hypertension may reduce such risks. Obj...

2023-11-01

Association of Radial Artery Graft vs Saphenous Vein Graft With Long-term Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance: Observational studies have suggested that the use of radial artery grafts for coronary artery bypass grafting may improve clinical outcomes compared with the use of saph...

2023-11-01

Delayed versus early initiation of renal replacement therapy for severe acute kidney injury: a systematic review and individual patient data meta -analysis of randomised clinical trials

Background: The timing of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for severe acute kidney injury is highly debated when no life-threatening complications are present. We assessed whether a ...

2023-10-31

Comparison of dietary macronutrient patterns of 14 popular named dietary programmes for weight and cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials

Objective: To determine the relative effectiveness of dietary macronutrient patterns and popular named diet programmes for weight loss and cardiovascular risk factor improvement amo...

2023-10-31

Did This Patient Have Cardiac Syncope? The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review

Importance:Syncope can result from a reduction in cardiac output from serious cardiac conditions, such as arrhythmias or structural heart disease (cardiac syncope), or other causes,...

2023-10-31

Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Clinical Outcomes

Background:Urinary incontinence (UI), a common malady in women, most often is classified as stress, urgency, or mixed. Purpose:To compare the effectiveness of pharmacologic and non...

2023-10-31

Prognostic models for outcome prediction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and critical appraisal

Objective:To map and assess prognostic models for outcome prediction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Design:Systematic review. Data sources:PubMed u...

2023-10-31

Increasing the dose intensity of chemotherapy by more frequent administration or sequential scheduling: a patient-level meta-analysis of 37298 women with early breast cancer in 26 randomised trials

Background:Increasing the dose intensity of cytotoxic therapy by shortening the intervals between cycles, or by giving individual drugs sequentially at full dose rather than in lowe...

2023-10-31

Omega-3, omega-6, and total dietary polyunsaturated fat for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objective:To assess effects of increasing omega-3, omega-6, and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on diabetes diagnosis and glucose metabolism. Design:Systematic review and ...

2023-10-31

Extending thrombolysis to 4.5-9 h and wake-up stroke using perfusion imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data

Background:Stroke thrombolysis with alteplase is currently recommended 0-4·5 h after stroke onset. We aimed to determine whether perfusion imaging can identify patients with salvag...

2023-10-31

Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Childhood and Pregnancy Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Elevated blood lead level is associated with serious, often irreversible, health consequences. Objective:To synthesize evidence on the effects of screening, testing, and...

2023-10-31

Adiposity and risk of decline in glomerular filtration rate: meta-analysis of individual participant data in a global consortium

Objective:To evaluate the associations between adiposity measures (body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio) with decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ...

2023-10-31

New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Existing WHO estimates of the prevalence of mental disorders in emergency settings are more than a decade old and do not reflect modern methods to gather existing data an...

2023-10-31

Screening for HIV Infection in Asymptomatic, Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Untreated HIV infection can result in significant morbidity, mortality, and HIV transmission. A 2012 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found antir...

2023-10-31

Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Effective prevention strategies for HIV infection are an important public health priority. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) involves use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) dai...

2023-10-31

Oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy (PACE): a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and safety

Background:Oral immunotherapy is an emerging experimental treatment for peanut allergy, but its benefits and harms are unclear. We systematically reviewed the efficacy and safety of...

2023-10-31

Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in White Coat Hypertension A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:The long-term cardiovascular risk of isolated elevated office blood pressure (BP) is unclear. Purpose:To summarize the risk for cardiovascular events and all-cause morta...

2023-10-31

Type and timing of menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence

Background:Published findings on breast cancer risk associated with different types of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) are inconsistent, with limited information on long-term effec...

2023-10-31

Treatments for the Prevention and Management of Suicide A Systematic Review

Background:Suicide is a growing public health problem, with the national rate in the United States increasing by 30% from 2000 to 2016. Purpose:To assess the benefits and harms of ...

2023-10-31

Treatments for Poststroke Motor Deficits and Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review for the 2019 US Department of Veterans Affairs and US Department of Defense Guidelines for Stroke Rehabilitation

Background:Early rehabilitation after stroke is essential to help reduce disability. Purpose:To summarize evidence on the benefits and harms of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic t...

2023-10-31

Will This Patient Be Difficult to Intubate? The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review

Importance:Recognizing patients in whom endotracheal intubation is likely to be difficult can help alert physicians to the need for assistance from a clinician with airway training ...

2023-10-31

Population-level impact and herd effects following the introduction of human papillomavirus vaccination programmes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:More than 10 years have elapsed since human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was implemented. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of the population-level impact ...

2023-10-31

Dose-response associations between accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary time and all cause mortality: systematic review and harmonised meta-analysis

Objective:To examine the dose-response associations between accelerometer assessed total physical activity, different intensities of physical activity, and sedentary time and all ca...

2023-10-31

Natural History of Adrenal Incidentalomas With and Without Mild Autonomous Cortisol Excess A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Adrenal incidentalomas are mostly benign nonfunctioning adrenal tumors (NFATs) or adenomas causing mild autonomous cortisol excess (MACE), but their natural history is un...

2023-10-31

Effectiveness of management strategies for uninvestigated dyspepsia: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective:To determine the effectiveness of management strategies for uninvestigated dyspepsia. Design:Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data sources:Medline, Embase, E...

2023-10-31

How long does a hip replacement last? A systematic review and meta-analysis of case series and national registry reports with more than 15 years of follow-up

Background:Total hip replacement is a common and highly effective operation. All hip replacements would eventually fail if in situ long enough and it is important that patients unde...

2023-10-31

How long does a knee replacement last? A systematic review and meta-analysis of case series and national registry reports with more than 15 years of follow-up

Background:Knee replacements are the mainstay of treatment for end-stage osteoarthritis and are effective. Given time, all knee replacements will fail and knowing when this failure ...

2023-10-31

Quadruple versus triple combination antiretroviral therapies for treatment naive people with HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objective:To evaluate the effects of four drug (quadruple) versus three drug (triple) combination antiretroviral therapies in treatment naive people with HIV, and explore the implic...

2023-10-31

Diagnosis of elevated intracranial pressure in critically ill adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives:To summarise and compare the accuracy of physical examination, computed tomography (CT), sonography of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), and transcranial Doppler pu...

2023-10-31

Pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors associated with survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To determine associations between important pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors and survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest. Design:Systematic review and met...

2023-10-31

Long-Term Drug Therapy and Drug Discontinuations and Holidays for Osteoporosis Fracture Prevention A Systematic Review

Background:Optimal long-term osteoporosis drug treatment (ODT) is uncertain. Purpose:To summarize the effects of long-term ODT and ODT discontinuation and holidays. Data sources:E...

2023-10-31

Efficacy and safety of statin therapy in older people: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised controlled trials

Background:Statin therapy has been shown to reduce major vascular events and vascular mortality in a wide range of individuals, but there is uncertainty about its efficacy and safet...

2023-10-31

Use of Antibiotics Without a Prescription in the US Population A Scoping Review

Background:Use of antibiotics without a prescription may increase unnecessary and inappropriate drug use or doses as well as global risk for antimicrobial resistance. Purpose:To pe...

2023-10-31

Primary Care Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) have mortality estimated at 81%. Objective:To systematically review the evidence on benefits and harms of AAA screening and sm...

2023-10-31

Benefits and Harms of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Effects of oral anticoagulation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are uncertain. Purpose:To evaluate the benefits and harms of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and non-vitamin...

2023-10-31

Diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease using computed tomography angiography in patients with stable chest pain depending on clinical probability and in clinically important subgroups: meta-analysis of individual patient data

Objective:To determine whether coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) should be performed in patients with any clinical probability of coronary artery disease (CAD), and whe...

2023-10-31

Association of Genetic Variants With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Among Individuals With African Ancestry

Importance:Primary open-angle glaucoma presents with increased prevalence and a higher degree of clinical severity in populations of African ancestry compared with European or Asian...

2023-10-30

Outcomes at follow-up of negative colonoscopy in average risk population: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To review and summarise the evidence on the prevalence of colorectal adenomas and cancers at a follow-up screening colonoscopy after negative index colonoscopy, stratified...

2023-10-30

Screening for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria can identify patients for whom treatment might be beneficial for preventing symptomatic infection and other health outcomes. Objec...

2023-10-30

Screening for Pancreatic Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer death among men and women in the United States. Objective:To systematically review benefits and harms ...

2023-10-30

Comparative efficacy and safety of new surgical treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of different endoscopic surgical treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Design:Systematic review and network meta-analysis of rand...

2023-10-30

Development and validation of a prediction model for fat mass in children and adolescents: meta-analysis using individual participant data

Objectives:To develop and validate a prediction model for fat mass in children aged 4-15 years using routinely available risk factors of height, weight, and demographic information ...

2023-10-30

Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 oral antipsychotics for the acute treatment of adults with multi-episode schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background:Schizophrenia is one of the most common, burdensome, and costly psychiatric disorders in adults worldwide. Antipsychotic drugs are its treatment of choice, but there is c...

2023-10-30

Surgical interventions for women with stress urinary incontinence: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objectives:To compare the effectiveness and safety of surgical interventions for women with stress urinary incontinence. Design:Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eligib...

2023-10-30

Performance Characteristics of Fecal Immunochemical Tests for Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Adenomatous Polyps A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Studies report inconsistent performance of fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) for colorectal cancer (CRC) and advanced adenomas. Purpose:To summarize performance characte...

2023-10-30

Establishing the Prevalence and Prevalence at Birth of Hemophilia in Males A Meta-analytic Approach Using National Registries

Background:The large observed variability in hemophilia prevalence prevents robust estimation of burden of disease. Objective:To estimate the prevalence and prevalence at birth of ...

2023-10-30

Long term risk of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism after discontinuation of anticoagulant treatment for first unprovoked venous thromboembolism event: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives:To determine the rate of a first recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) event after discontinuation of anticoagulant treatment in patients with a first episode of unprovo...

2023-10-30

Effects of Nutritional Supplements and Dietary Interventions on Cardiovascular Outcomes An Umbrella Review and Evidence Map

Background:The role of nutritional supplements and dietary interventions in preventing mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes is unclear. Purpose:To examine evidence a...

2023-10-30

Physical inactivity, cardiometabolic disease, and risk of dementia: an individual-participant meta-analysis

Objective:To examine whether physical inactivity is a risk factor for dementia, with attention to the role of cardiometabolic disease in this association and reverse causation bias ...

2023-10-30

Association of Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities and Thyroid Autoimmunity With Preterm Birth A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance:Maternal hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are risk factors for preterm birth. Milder thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid autoimmunity are more prevalent, bu...

2023-10-30

Bedside Optic Nerve Ultrasonography for Diagnosing Increased Intracranial Pressure A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Optic nerve ultrasonography (optic nerve sheath diameter sonography) has been proposed as a noninvasive, quick method for diagnosing increased intracranial pressure. Pur...

2023-10-30

Association of Surgical Hematoma Evacuation vs Conservative Treatment With Functional Outcome in Patients With Cerebellar Intracerebral Hemorrhage J

Importance:The association of surgical hematoma evacuation with clinical outcomes in patients with cerebellar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has not been established. Objective:To ...

2023-10-30

Accuracy of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for screening to detect major depression: individual participant data meta-analysis

In this paper by Levis and colleagues (BMJ 2019;361:l1476, doi:10.1136/bmj.l1476, published 9 April 2019), the names of the members of the DEPRESsion Screening Data (DEPRESSD) Colla...

2023-10-30

Self-management of Epilepsy A Systematic Review

Background:Although self-management is recommended for persons with epilepsy, its optimal strategies and effects are uncertain. Purpose:To evaluate the components and efficacy of s...

2023-10-30

Trends in incidence of total or type 2 diabetes: systematic review

Objective:To assess what proportions of studies reported increasing, stable, or declining trends in the incidence of diagnosed diabetes. Design:Systematic review of studies reporti...

2023-10-30

Comparative Accuracy of Focused Cardiac Ultrasonography and Clinical Examination for Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Valvular Heart Disease A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Incorporating focused cardiac ultrasonography (FoCUS) into clinical examination could improve the diagnostic yield of bedside patient evaluation. Purpose:To compare the ...

2023-10-30

Quality of dietary fat and genetic risk of type 2 diabetes: individual participant data meta-analysis

Objective:To investigate whether the genetic burden of type 2 diabetes modifies the association between the quality of dietary fat and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Design:Indi...

2023-10-30

Does This Patient Have Hip Osteoarthritis? The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review

Importance:Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of pain and disability. Objective:To identify the clinical findings that are most strongly associated with hip OA. Data source...

2023-10-30

Reduction of Red and Processed Meat Intake and Cancer Mortality and Incidence A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies

This article has been corrected. The original version (PDF) is appended to this article as a Supplement. Background:Cancer incidence has continuously increased over the past few ce...

2023-10-30

Efficacy and safety of dual SGLT 1/2 inhibitor sotagliflozin in type 1 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of dual sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 1/2 inhibitor sotagliflozin in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Design:Meta-analysis of randomised ...

2023-10-30

Comparative efficacy and acceptability of non-surgical brain stimulation for the acute treatment of major depressive episodes in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective:To estimate the comparative clinical efficacy and acceptability of non-surgical brain stimulation for the acute treatment of major depressive episodes in adults. Design:S...

2023-10-30

Medication Use for the Risk Reduction of Primary Breast Cancer in Women Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Medications to reduce risk of breast cancer are effective for women at increased risk but also cause adverse effects. Objective:To update the 2013 US Preventive Services...

2023-10-30

Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA-Related Cancer in Women Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Pathogenic mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase risks for breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer in women; interventio...

2023-10-30

Role of diet in type 2 diabetes incidence: umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies

Objective:To summarise the evidence of associations between dietary factors and incidence of type 2 diabetes and to evaluate the strength and validity of these associations. Design...

2023-10-30

Antipsychotics for Treating Delirium in Hospitalized Adults A Systematic Review

Background:Delirium is an acute disorder marked by impairments in attention and cognition, caused by an underlying medical problem. Antipsychotics are used to prevent delirium, but ...

2023-10-30

Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period is relatively common and can have adverse effects on both mother and child. Objective:To systematically review bene...

2023-10-30

Artificial intelligence versus clinicians: systematic review of design, reporting standards, and claims of deep learning studies

Objective:To systematically examine the design, reporting standards, risk of bias, and claims of studies comparing the performance of diagnostic deep learning algorithms for medical...

2023-10-28

Efficacy and safety of lowering LDL cholesterol in older patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Background:The clinical benefit of LDL cholesterol lowering treatment in older patients remains debated. We aimed to summarise the evidence of LDL cholesterol lowering therapies in ...

2023-10-28

Early warning scores for detecting deterioration in adult hospital patients: systematic review and critical appraisal of methodology

Objective:To provide an overview and critical appraisal of early warning scores for adult hospital patients. Design:Systematic review. Data sources:Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and ...

2023-10-28

Systemic Amyloidosis Recognition, Prognosis, and Therapy: A Systematic Review

Importance:Many patients with systemic amyloidosis are underdiagnosed. Overall, 25% of patients with immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis die within 6 months of diagnosis and...

2023-10-28

Sitters as a Patient Safety Strategy to Reduce Hospital Falls A Systematic Review

Background:Bedside "sitters" are often used for patients at high risk for falls, but they are expensive and their effectiveness is unclear. Purpose:To review evidence about the eff...

2023-10-28

Mortality due to cancer treatment delay: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To quantify the association of cancer treatment delay and mortality for each four week increase in delay to inform cancer treatment pathways. Design:Systematic review and...

2023-10-28

Brief Cognitive Tests for Distinguishing Clinical Alzheimer-Type Dementia From Mild Cognitive Impairment or Normal Cognition in Older Adults With Suspected Cognitive Impairment A Systematic Review

Background:The accuracy and harms of brief cognitive tests for identifying clinical Alzheimer-type dementia (CATD) are uncertain. Purpose:To summarize evidence on accuracy and harm...

2023-10-28

Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Increasing rates of preventable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the US pose substantial burdens to health and well-being. Objective:To update evidence for the ...

2023-10-28

Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine for Treatment or Prophylaxis of COVID-19 A Living Systematic Review

Background:Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have antiviral effects in vitro against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Purpose:To summarize evidence ab...

2023-10-28

Self-management interventions to reduce healthcare use and improve quality of life among patients with asthma: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective:To compare the different self-management models (multidisciplinary case management, regularly supported self-management, and minimally supported self-management) and self-...

2023-10-28

Effect of dose and duration of reduction in dietary sodium on blood pressure levels: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

Objective:To examine the dose-response relation between reduction in dietary sodium and blood pressure change and to explore the impact of intervention duration. Design:Systematic ...

2023-10-28

Association of Blood Pressure Lowering With Incident Dementia or Cognitive Impairment A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance:The benefit of blood pressure lowering for the prevention of dementia or cognitive impairment is unclear. Objective:To determine the association of blood pressure loweri...

2023-10-28

Comparative effectiveness of biological medicines in rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and network meta-analysis including aggregate results from reanalysed individual patient data

Objective:To assess the comparative effectiveness of biological medicines in rheumatoid arthritis in sufficiently similar patient populations, based on the current definitions of ke...

2023-10-28

Central fatness and risk of all cause mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 72 prospective cohort studies

Objective:To quantify the association of indices of central obesity, including waist circumference, hip circumference, thigh circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio...

2023-10-28

Screening for Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Adolescents and Women to Prevent Preterm Delivery Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Preterm delivery results in adverse outcomes; identifying and treating bacterial vaginosis may reduce its occurrence. Objective:To update the evidence on screening and t...

2023-10-28

Dual Versus Triple Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ackground:The safety and effectiveness of dual therapy (direct oral anticoagulant [DOAC] plus P2Y12 inhibitor) versus triple therapy (vitamin K antagonist plus aspirin and P2Y12 inh...

2023-10-28

Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis

Objective:To examine the psychological effects on clinicians of working to manage novel viral outbreaks, and successful measures to manage stress and psychological distress. Design...

2023-10-28

Pharmacotherapy for the Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorder A Systematic Review

Background:Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a growing concern, and evidence-based data are needed to inform treatment options. Purpose:To review the benefits and risks of pharmacothe...

2023-10-28

Computerised clinical decision support systems and absolute improvements in care: meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials

Objective:To report the improvements achieved with clinical decision support systems and examine the heterogeneity from pooling effects across diverse clinical settings and interven...

2023-10-28

Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression among pregnant and postpartum women: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data

Objective:To evaluate the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression in pregnant and postpartum women. Design:Individual participant data ...

2023-10-28

Accuracy of the PHQ-2 Alone and in Combination With the PHQ-9 for Screening to Detect Major Depression Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Objective:To estimate PHQ-2 accuracy alone and combined with the PHQ-9 for detecting major depression. Data sources:MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycI...

2023-10-28

Effectiveness of hospital clowns for symptom management in paediatrics: systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials

Objective:To evaluate evidence from randomised controlled trials and non-randomised controlled trials on the effectiveness of hospital clowns for a range of symptom clusters in chil...

2023-10-28

Risk for Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis After Exposure to Newer Gadolinium Agents A Systematic Review

Background:The risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) after exposure to newer versus older gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) remains unclear. Purpose:To synthesize evi...

2023-10-28

Association between high blood pressure and long term cardiovascular events in young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate and quantify the future risk of cardiovascular events in young adults with high blood pressure. Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources:Medl...

2023-10-28

Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults A Living Systematic Review

Background:The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility, severity, and...

2023-10-28

Use of electronic medical records in development and validation of risk prediction models of hospital readmission: systematic review

Objective:To provide focused evaluation of predictive modeling of electronic medical record (EMR) data to predict 30 day hospital readmission. Design:Systematic review. Data sourc...

2023-10-28

The risk of tuberculosis in children after close exposure: a systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis

Background:Tens of millions of children are exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis globally every year; however, there are no contemporary estimates of the risk of developing tubercu...

2023-10-28

Impact of blinding on estimated treatment effects in randomised clinical trials: meta-epidemiological study

Objectives:To study the impact of blinding on estimated treatment effects, and their variation between trials; differentiating between blinding of patients, healthcare providers, an...

2023-10-28

Dietary intake of total, animal, and plant proteins and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Objective:To examine and quantify the potential dose-response relation between intake of total, animal, and plant protein and the risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular d...

2023-10-28

Association between conflicts of interest and favourable recommendations in clinical guidelines, advisory committee reports, opinion pieces, and narrative reviews: systematic review

Objective:To investigate the association between conflicts of interest and favourable recommendations in clinical guidelines, advisory committee reports, opinion pieces, and narrati...

2023-10-28

Screening for Anxiety in Adolescent and Adult Women A Systematic Review for the Women's Preventive Services Initiative

Background:Anxiety disorders are infrequently recognized during routine health care even though they are common in adolescent girls and adult women. Purpose:To evaluate evidence on...

2023-10-28

Achieving Health Equity in Preventive Services: A Systematic Review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop

Background:Disadvantaged populations in the United States experience disparities in the use of preventive health services. Purpose:To examine effects of barriers that create health...

2023-10-28

Association between suicide reporting in the media and suicide: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To examine the association between reporting on suicides, especially deaths of celebrities by suicide, and subsequent suicides in the general population. Design:Systemati...

2023-10-28

Interventions to Prevent Illicit and Nonmedical Drug Use in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Illicit and nonmedical (use in ways other than instructed) drug use is common in adolescents and young adults and increases the risk of harmful outcomes such as injuries,...

2023-10-28

Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the US, and poor diet and lack of physical activity are major factors contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and...

2023-10-28

Perioperative interventions for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To identify, appraise, and synthesise the best available evidence on the efficacy of perioperative interventions to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in ...

2023-10-28

Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review

Objective:To consolidate evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the association between reproductive factors in women of reproductive age and their subsequ...

2023-10-28

What Is the Optimal Primary Care Panel Size? A Systematic Review

Background:Primary care for a panel of patients is a central component of population health, but the optimal panel size is unclear. Purpose:To review evidence about the association...

2023-10-28

National, regional, and worldwide epidemiology of psoriasis: systematic analysis and modelling study

Objective:To systematically review and provide information on the incidence of psoriasis and quantify global, regional, and country specific estimates of its prevalence. Design:Sys...

2023-10-28

Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Early identification of cognitive impairment may improve patient and caregiver health outcomes. Objective:To systematically review the test accuracy of cognitive screeni...

2023-10-28

Screening for Unhealthy Drug Use Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Illicit drug use is among the most common causes of preventable morbidity and mortality in the US. Objective:To systematically review the literature on screening and int...

2023-10-28

Association of Receipt of Palliative Care Interventions With Health Care Use, Quality of Life, and Symptom Burden Among Adults With Chronic Noncancer Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance:The evidence for palliative care exists predominantly for patients with cancer. The effect of palliative care on important end-of-life outcomes in patients with noncancer...

2023-10-28

Interventions to Improve Statin Tolerance and Adherence in Patients at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease A Systematic Review for the 2020 US Department of Veterans Affairs and US Department of Defense Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia

Background:Strategies to improve patients' tolerance of and adherence to statins may enhance the effectiveness of dyslipidemia treatment in those at risk for cardiovascular disease ...

2023-10-28

Predictors of Prolonged Opioid Use After Initial Prescription for Acute Musculoskeletal Injuries in Adults A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies

Background:Opioids are frequently prescribed for acute musculoskeletal injuries and may result in long-term use and consequent harms. Purpose:To explore factors associated with per...

2023-10-28

Ventilation Techniques and Risk for Transmission of Coronavirus Disease, Including COVID-19 A Living Systematic Review of Multiple Streams of Evidence

Background:Mechanical ventilation is used to treat respiratory failure in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Purpose:To review multiple streams of evidence regarding the benefits...

2023-10-28

Primary Care-Relevant Interventions for Tobacco and Nicotine Use Prevention and Cessation in Children and Adolescents Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Interventions to discourage the use of tobacco products (including electronic nicotine delivery systems or e-cigarettes) among children and adolescents may help decrease ...

2023-10-28

Drug treatments for covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective:To compare the effects of treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Design:Living systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data sources:WHO covid-19 databa...

2023-10-28

Association Between Administration of Systemic Corticosteroids and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 A Meta-analysis

Importance:Effective therapies for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are needed, and clinical trial data have demonstrated that low-dose dexamethasone reduced mortal...

2023-10-28

Conversion of Urine Protein-Creatinine Ratio or Urine Dipstick Protein to Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio for Use in Chronic Kidney Disease Screening and Prognosis An Individual Participant-Based Meta-analysis

Background:Although measuring albuminuria is the preferred method for defining and staging chronic kidney disease (CKD), total urine protein or dipstick protein is often measured in...

2023-10-28

Intravenous alteplase for stroke with unknown time of onset guided by advanced imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data

Background:Patients who have had a stroke with unknown time of onset have been previously excluded from thrombolysis. We aimed to establish whether intravenous alteplase is safe and...

2023-10-28

Comparative Effectiveness of Glucose-Lowering Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

Background:Several pharmacologic options for type 2 diabetes are available. Purpose:To compare benefits and harms of glucose-lowering drugs in adults with type 2 diabetes. Data so...

2023-10-28

Adjuvant or early salvage radiotherapy for the treatment of localised and locally advanced prostate cancer: a prospectively planned systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data

Background:It is unclear whether adjuvant or early salvage radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy is more appropriate for men who present with localised or locally advanced pr...

2023-10-28

The Community-Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) cluster randomised trials in Mozambique, Pakistan, and India: an individual participant-level meta-analysis

Background:To overcome the three delays in triage, transport and treatment that underlie adverse pregnancy outcomes, we aimed to reduce all-cause adverse outcomes with community-lev...

2023-10-28

Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To estimate and compare progression rates to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy controls. Design:Systematic rev...

2023-10-28

Updating insights into rosiglitazone and cardiovascular risk through shared data: individual patient and summary level meta-analyses

Objectives:To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of rosiglitazone treatment on cardiovascular risk and mortality using multiple data sources and varying an...

2023-10-28

Efficacy and safety of gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis in critically ill patients: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective:To determine, in critically ill patients, the relative impact of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), sucralfate, or no gastrointestina...

2023-10-28

Association of Home Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation With Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance:The association of home noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) with outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and hypercapnia is uncertain. Obj...

2023-10-28

Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19: systematic review and critical appraisal

Objective:To review and appraise the validity and usefulness of published and preprint reports of prediction models for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in patients wi...

2023-10-28

Prognosis of unrecognised myocardial infarction determined by electrocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate the prognosis of unrecognised myocardial infarction determined by electrocardiography (UMI-ECG) or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (UMI-CMR). Design:System...

2023-10-28

SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced and DAPA-HF trials

Background:Both DAPA-HF (assessing dapagliflozin) and EMPEROR-Reduced (assessing empagliflozin) trials showed that sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition reduced the com...

2023-10-28

Abiraterone acetate and prednisolone with or without enzalutamide for high-risk non-metastatic prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of primary results from two randomised controlled phase 3 trials of the STAMPEDE platform protocol

Background: Men with high-risk non-metastatic prostate cancer are treated with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for 3 years, often combined with radiotherapy. We analysed new data...

2023-10-27

Effectiveness of heterologous and homologous covid-19 vaccine regimens: living systematic review with network meta-analysis

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of heterologous and homologous covid-19 vaccine regimens with and without boosting in preventing covid-19 related infection, hospital admiss...

2023-10-27

Efficacy of interventions to reduce long term opioid treatment for chronic non-cancer pain: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To review interventions to reduce long term opioid treatment in people with chronic non-cancer pain, considering efficacy on dose reduction and discontinuation, pain, fun...

2023-10-27

Spirituality in Serious Illness and Health

Importance: Despite growing evidence, the role of spirituality in serious illness and health has not been systematically assessed. Objective: To review evidence concerning spiritua...

2023-10-27

Diagnostic Imaging and Medical Management of Acute Left-Sided Colonic Diverticulitis A Systematic Review

Background: Clinicians need to better understand the value of computed tomography (CT) imaging and nonsurgical treatment options to manage acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis. ...

2023-10-27

Evaluation and Management After Acute Left-Sided Colonic Diverticulitis A Systematic Review

Background: The value of interventions used after acute colonic diverticulitis is unclear. Purpose: To evaluate postdiverticulitis colonoscopy and interventions to prevent recurren...

2023-10-27

Family's experiences of their children's nutritional health and wellbeing among food-insecure households in Europe: a qualitative systematic review and meta-ethnography

Background There has been a rise in food insecurity in Europe since the 2008 global financial crisis and households with children are particularly vulnerable. We aimed to explore fa...

2023-10-27

Food insecure women's experiences of their nutritional health and wellbeing in Europe: a qualitative systematic review and meta-ethnography

Background Food insecurity has increased since the 2008 global financial crisis. Particularly vulnerable are mothers with young children, pregnant women, and lone parents (the major...

2023-10-27

Efficacy of covid-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To compare the efficacy of covid-19 vaccines between immunocompromised and immunocompetent people. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: PubMed, Em...

2023-10-27

Margin status and survival outcomes after breast cancer conservation surgery: prospectively registered systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To determine if margin involvement is associated with distant recurrence and to determine the required margin to minimise both local recurrence and distant recurrence in ...

2023-10-27

Preventing Obesity in Midlife Women: A Systematic Review for the Women's Preventive Services Initiative

Background: Despite high prevalence rates of obesity in the United States, no clinical guidelines exist for obesity prevention in midlife women who commonly experience weight gain. ...

2023-10-27

Interventions to prevent spontaneous preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy who are at high risk: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of bed rest, cervical cerclage (McDonald, Shirodkar, or unspecified type of cerclage), cervical pessary, fish oils or omega fatty acids, nutritio...

2023-10-27

Effects of low emission zones and congestion charging zones on physical health outcomes: a systematic review

Low emission zones (LEZs) and congestion charging zones (CCZs) have been implemented in several cities globally. We systematically reviewed the evidence on the effects of these air ...

2023-10-27

Drug treatment for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objective: To identify drug classes and individual selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with high rates of remission and low risk of adverse events in the treatment of pa...

2023-10-27

Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures in Cardiovascular Disease: An Evidence Map of the Psychometric Properties of Health Status Instruments

Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are important measures of treatment effect and can be used to inform the approval of cardiovascular drugs and devices by the U.S. Food a...

2023-10-27

Performance of the European Society of Cardiology 0/1-Hour, 0/2-Hour, and 0/3-Hour Algorithms for Rapid Triage of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background: The 2020 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines recommend using the 0/1-hour and 0/2-hour algorithms over the 0/3-hour algorithm as the first and second choices...

2023-10-27

Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: Impaired visual acuity is common among older adults and can adversely affect function and quality of life. Objective: To update a 2009 systematic review on screening fo...

2023-10-27

Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: A 2016 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found use of statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was associated with reduced ...

2023-10-27

Screening for Glaucoma in Adults Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: Two 2013 systematic reviews to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found insufficient evidence to assess benefits and harms of screening for primary op...

2023-10-27

Effect of statin therapy on muscle symptoms: an individual participant data meta-analysis of large-scale, randomised, double-blind trials

Background: Statin therapy is effective for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and is widely prescribed, but there are persisting concerns that statin therapy ...

2023-10-27

Remdesivir and three other drugs for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: final results of the WHO Solidarity randomised trial and updated meta-analyses

Background: The Solidarity trial among COVID-19 inpatients has previously reported interim mortality analyses for four repurposed antiviral drugs. Lopinavir, hydroxychloroquine, and...

2023-10-27

Evaluating how clear the questions being investigated in randomised trials are: systematic review of estimands

Objectives: To evaluate how often the precise research question being addressed about an intervention (the estimand) is stated or can be determined from reported methods, and to ide...

2023-10-27

Physical activity interventions to improve the health and wellbeing of people experiencing homelessness: a mixed-methods systematic review

Background People experiencing homelessness have poor health. Physical activity is known to improve health outcomes. No published systematic review of physical activity intervention...

2023-10-27

Comparative effects of pharmacological interventions for the acute and long-term management of insomnia disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background: Behavioural, cognitive, and pharmacological interventions can all be effective for insomnia. However, because of inadequate resources, medications are more frequently us...

2023-10-27

Effect of reductions in amyloid levels on cognitive change in randomized trials: instrumental variable meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate trials of drugs that target amyloid to determine whether reductions in amyloid levels are likely to improve cognition. Design:Instrumental variable meta-analy...

2023-10-27

Clinical prediction models for mortality in patients with covid-19: external validation and individual participant data meta-analysis

Objective: To externally validate various prognostic models and scoring rules for predicting short term mortality in patients admitted to hospital for covid-19. Design: Two stage i...

2023-10-27

Association between antihypertensive treatment and adverse events: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To examine the association between antihypertensive treatment and specific adverse events. Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eligibility criteria:Randomised co...

2023-10-27

Long distance airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: rapid systematic review

Objectives: To evaluate the potential for long distance airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor community settings and to investigate factors that might influence transmission...

2023-10-27

Antibody Response After SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Immunity

Background:The clinical significance of the antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear. Purpose:To synthesize evidence on the prevalence, levels, and durability o...

2023-10-27

Anticoagulants for thrombosis prophylaxis in acutely ill patients admitted to hospital: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective: To assess the benefits and harms of different types and doses of anticoagulant drugs for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients who are acutely ill and admi...

2023-10-27

Parental education and inequalities in child mortality: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:The educational attainment of parents, particularly mothers, has been associated with lower levels of child mortality, yet there is no consensus on the magnitude of this ...

2023-10-27

Duration of effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease: results of a systematic review and meta-regression

Background: Knowing whether COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness wanes is crucial for informing vaccine policy, such as the need for and timing of booster doses. We aimed to systematicall...

2023-10-27

Prophylaxis against covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis

Updates:This is the second version (first update) of the living systematic review, replacing the previous version (available as a data supplement). When citing this paper please con...

2023-10-27

The Sensitivity and Costs of Testing for SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Saliva Versus Nasopharyngeal Swabs A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Nasopharyngeal swabs are the primary sampling method used for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but they require a trained health...

2023-10-27

Screening for Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Adults Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: Eating disorders are associated with adverse health and social outcomes. Objective: To review the evidence on screening for eating disorders in adolescents and adults t...

2023-10-27

Common elective orthopaedic procedures and their clinical effectiveness: umbrella review of level 1 evidence

Objective:To determine the clinical effectiveness of common elective orthopaedic procedures compared with no treatment, placebo, or non-operative care and assess the impact on clini...

2023-10-27

Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with adverse health outcomes. Objective: To review the evidence on screening for OSA in asymptomatic adults or those with un...

2023-10-27

Associations between statins and adverse events in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review with pairwise, network, and dose-response meta-analyses

Objective:To assess the associations between statins and adverse events in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and to examine how the associations vary by type and dosage o...

2023-10-27

Opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after surgical discharge: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

Background: Excessive opioid prescribing after surgery has contributed to the current opioid crisis; however, the value of prescribing opioids at surgical discharge remains uncertai...

2023-10-27

Screening for Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:The 2014 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement supported the effectiveness of screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in asymptomatic, sexuall...

2023-10-27

Smoking cessation interventions for smokers diagnosed with cancer: a systematic review

The detrimental impact of smoking on health and wellbeing are irrefutable. Additionally, smoking is associated with the development of cancer, a reduction treatment outcomes and poo...

2023-10-27

Counseling and Behavioral Interventions for Healthy Weight and Weight Gain in Pregnancy: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing among persons of childbearing age and pregnant persons. In 2015, almost half of all persons began pregnancy with ov...

2023-10-27

Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Persons Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: It is uncertain whether hormone therapy should be used for the primary prevention of chronic conditions such as heart disease, osteoporosis, or some types of cancers. O...

2023-10-27

Efficacy, acceptability, and safety of muscle relaxants for adults with non-specific low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To investigate the efficacy, acceptability, and safety of muscle relaxants for low back pain. Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. ...

2023-10-27

Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: Low-dose aspirin is used for primary cardiovascular disease prevention and may have benefits for colorectal cancer prevention. Objective: To review the benefits and har...

2023-10-27

Effect of low glycaemic index or load dietary patterns on glycaemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors in diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

In this paper by Chiavaroli and colleagues (BMJ 2021;374:n1651, doi:10.1136/bmj.n1651, published 5 August 2021), a significant positive dose response gradient for absolute dietary g...

2023-10-27

Association Between Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract and In-Hospital Mortality in Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance: The effectiveness of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) in critically ill adults receiving mechanical ventilation is uncertain. Objective: To determ...

2023-10-27

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and gallbladder or biliary disease in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objective: To examine the association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and gallbladder or biliary diseases. Design: Systematic review and pairwise and network meta-analysi...

2023-10-27

Screening and Interventions to Prevent Dental Caries in Children Younger Than 5 Years Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:A 2014 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found that oral fluoride supplementation and topical fluoride use were associated with reduced caries inc...

2023-10-27

Screening and Interventions to Prevent Dental Caries in Children Younger Than 5 Years Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:A 2014 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found that oral fluoride supplementation and topical fluoride use were associated with reduced caries inc...

2023-10-27

Risk for Reinfection After SARS-CoV-2: A Living, Rapid Review for American College of Physicians Practice Points on the Role of the Antibody Response in Conferring Immunity Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Background: The strength and duration of immunity from infection with SARS-CoV-2 are important for public health planning and clinical practice. Purpose: To synthesize evidence on ...

2023-10-27

Evaluation of pathological complete response as surrogate endpoint in neoadjuvant randomised clinical trials of early stage breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate pathological complete response as a surrogate endpoint for disease-free survival and overall survival in regulatory neoadjuvant trials of early stage breast ca...

2023-10-27

Treatment effects in randomised trials using routinely collected data for outcome assessment versus traditional trials: meta-research study

Objective:To compare effect estimates of randomised clinical trials that use routinely collected data (RCD-RCT) for outcome ascertainment with traditional trials not using routinely...

2023-10-27

Psychological interventions for chronic, non-specific low back pain: systematic review with network meta-analysis

Objective: To determine the comparative effectiveness and safety of psychological interventions for chronic low back pain. Design: Systematic review with network meta-analysis. Da...

2023-10-27

Effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid treatment for knee and hip osteoarthritis: network meta-analysis

Objective:To assess the effectiveness and safety of different preparations and doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and paracetamol for knee and hip ost...

2023-10-27

Comparative effectiveness of statins on non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol in people with diabetes and at risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective: To compare the efficacy of different statin treatments by intensity on levels of non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) for the prevention of cardiovascular...

2023-10-27

The Evidence Behind Robot-Assisted Abdominopelvic Surgery A Systematic Review

Background:Use of robot-assisted surgery has increased dramatically since its advent in the 1980s, and nearly all surgical subspecialties have adopted it. However, whether it has ad...

2023-10-27

Screening for Hearing Loss in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Hearing loss is common in older adults and associated with adverse health and social outcomes. Objective:To update the evidence review on screening for hearing loss in a...

2023-10-27

Associations of physician burnout with career engagement and quality of patient care: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To examine the association of physician burnout with the career engagement and the quality of patient care globally. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data s...

2023-10-27

Efficacy and safety of antidepressants for the treatment of back pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of antidepressants for back and osteoarthritis pain compared with placebo. Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data source...

2023-10-27

Fever therapy in febrile adults: systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses

Objective: To investigate the effects of fever therapy compared with no fever therapy in a wide population of febrile adults. Design: Systematic review with meta-analyses and trial...

2023-10-27

Use of artificial intelligence for image analysis in breast cancer screening programmes: systematic review of test accuracy

Objective:To examine the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) for the detection of breast cancer in mammography screening practice. Design:Systematic review of test accuracy st...

2023-10-27

Baricitinib in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial and updated meta-analysis

Background: We aimed to evaluate the use of baricitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) 1-2 inhibitor, for the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods: This randomi...

2023-10-27

Guided versus standard antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Whether guided selection of antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is effective in improving outcomes compared with standard...

2023-10-27

External validation of a prediction model for estimating fat mass in children and adolescents in 19 countries: individual participant data meta-analysis

Objective: To evaluate the performance of a UK based prediction model for estimating fat-free mass (and indirectly fat mass) in children and adolescents in non-UK settings. Design:...

2023-10-27

Association of HIV Infection With Cardiovascular Pathology Based on Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging A Systematic Review

Importance: HIV-associated cardiovascular disease is increasing in prevalence, but its mechanisms remain poorly understood. Objective: To systematically review data from advanced c...

2023-10-27

Efficacy and safety of low and very low carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomized trial data

Objective:To determine the efficacy and safety of low carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and very low carbohydrate diets (VLCDs) for people with type 2 diabetes. Design:Systematic review an...

2023-10-27

Screening for Hypertension in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and can be modified through lifestyle and pharmacological interventions to reduce cardiovascular events and...

2023-10-27

Anthropometric and adiposity indicators and risk of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies

Objective: To present a comprehensive review of the association between measures of body weight, waist, and fat, and different ratios of these measures, and the risk of type 2 diabe...

2023-10-27

Does This Patient With Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis Have a Bacterial Infection? The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review

Importance: Acute infectious conjunctivitis is characterized by ocular redness and discharge, and is a common clinical entity. Evidence-based tools to aid the clinical diagnosis of ...

2023-10-27

Association between characteristics of behavioural weight loss programmes and weight change after programme end: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To determine if the characteristics of behavioural weight loss programmes influence the rate of change in weight after the end of the programme. Design:Systematic review ...

2023-10-27

Effectiveness of Opioid Analgesic Medicines Prescribed in or at Discharge From Emergency Departments for Musculoskeletal Pain A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: The comparative benefits and harms of opioids for musculoskeletal pain in the emergency department (ED) are uncertain. Purpose: To evaluate the comparative effectivenes...

2023-10-27

Balloon catheters versus vaginal prostaglandins for labour induction (CPI Collaborative): an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Background: Induction of labour is one of the most common obstetric interventions globally. Balloon catheters and vaginal prostaglandins are widely used to ripen the cervix in labou...

2023-10-27

Thrombectomy for anterior circulation stroke beyond 6 h from time last known well (AURORA): a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis

Background: Trials examining the benefit of thrombectomy in anterior circulation proximal large vessel occlusion stroke have enrolled patients considered to have salvageable brain t...

2023-10-27

Conduct and reporting of formula milk trials: systematic review

Objective:To systematically review the conduct and reporting of formula trials. Design:Systematic review. Data sources:Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled...

2023-10-27

Screening for Atrial Fibrillation Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance: Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia, increases the risk of stroke. Objective: To review the evidence on screening for AF in adults without prior stroke...

2023-10-27

Aspirin Use to Prevent Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that poses serious maternal and infant health risks. Previous systematic reviews have established benefits of low-dos...

2023-10-27

Association of Convalescent Plasma Treatment With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance:Convalescent plasma is a proposed treatment for COVID-19. Objective:To assess clinical outcomes with convalescent plasma treatment vs placebo or standard of care in peer...

2023-10-27

Major Update 2: Remdesivir for Adults With COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians Practice Points

Background: Remdesivir is approved for the treatment of adults hospitalized with COVID-19. Purpose: To update a living review of remdesivir for adults with COVID-19. Data sources:...

2023-10-27

Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Type 2 diabetes is common and is a leading cause of morbidity and disability. Objective:To review the evidence on screening for prediabetes and diabetes to inform the US...

2023-10-27

Screening for Lung Cancer With Low-Dose Computed Tomography Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the US. Objective:To review the evidence on screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT...

2023-10-27

Fixed-dose combination therapies with and without aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: an individual participant data meta-analysis

Background:In randomised controlled trials, fixed-dose combination treatments (or polypills) have been shown to reduce a composite of cardiovascular disease outcomes in primary prev...

2023-10-27

Role of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on HPV infection and recurrence of HPV related disease after local surgical treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To explore the efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on the risk of HPV infection and recurrent diseases related to HPV infection in individuals undergoing l...

2023-10-27

Effects of Intensive Blood Pressure Treatment on Orthostatic Hypotension : A Systematic Review and Individual Participant-based Meta-analysis

Background:Although intensive blood pressure (BP)-lowering treatment reduces risk for cardiovascular disease, there are concerns that it might cause orthostatic hypotension (OH). P...

2023-10-27

Effectiveness of physical activity interventions delivered or prompted by health professionals in primary care settings: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of physical activity interventions delivered or prompted by primary care health professionals for increasing moderate to vigorous intensity p...

2023-10-27

Major Update: Remdesivir for Adults With COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians Practice Points

Background:Remdesivir is being studied and used for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Purpose:To update a previous review of remdesivir for adults with COVID-19, in...

2023-10-27

The impact of urbanisation on the cardiometabolic health of Indigenous Brazilian peoples: a systematic review and meta-analysis, and data from the Brazilian Health registry

Background: Indigenous Brazilian peoples have faced an unparalleled increase in the rate of cardiovascular diseases following rapid nutritional transition to more urban diets. We ai...

2023-10-27

Long-Term Risk for Major Bleeding During Extended Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for First Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:The long-term risk for major bleeding in patients receiving extended (beyond the initial 3 to 6 months) anticoagulant therapy for a first unprovoked venous thromboembolis...

2023-10-27

Effectiveness of physical activity monitors in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To estimate the effectiveness of physical activity monitor (PAM) based interventions among adults and explore reasons for the heterogeneity. Design: Systematic review an...

2023-10-27

Development and validation of a decision support tool for the diagnosis of acute heart failure: systematic review, meta- analysis, and modelling study

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) thresholds for acute heart failure and to develop and validate a decision...

2023-10-27

The clinical effect of point-of-care HIV diagnosis in infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Timely diagnosis and treatment of HIV is crucial in HIV-exposed infants to prevent the high rates of mortality seen during the first 2 years of life if HIV is untreated....

2023-10-27

24-Hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and Cardiovascular Risk

Background: The relation between sodium intake and cardiovascular disease remains controversial, owing in part to inaccurate assessment of sodium intake. Assessing 24-hour urinary e...

2023-10-27

Effectiveness of weight management interventions for adults delivered in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of behavioural weight management interventions for adults with obesity delivered in primary care. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysi...

2023-10-27

Benefits and harms of direct oral anticoagulation and low molecular weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials

Objective: To systematically compare the effect of direct oral anticoagulants and low molecular weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis on the benefits and harms to patients undergoin...

2023-10-27

Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain A Systematic Review

Background: Contemporary data are needed about the utility of cannabinoids in chronic pain. Purpose: To evaluate the benefits and harms of cannabinoids for chronic pain. Data sour...

2023-10-27

Social norms concerning dating and relationship violence and gender among adolescents: a systematic review of survey measures used in dating and relationship violence research

Adolescent dating and relationship violence (DRV) is widespread and associated with increased risk of subsequent poor mental health outcomes and partner violence. Shifting social no...

2023-10-27

Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing in Managing Overweight and Obesity A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Motivational interviewing (MI) is potentially useful in management of overweight and obesity, but staff training and increased delivery time are barriers, and its effect...

2023-10-27

The performance of wearable sensors in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review

Containing the COVID-19 pandemic requires rapidly identifying infected individuals. Subtle changes in physiological parameters (such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and skin temper...

2023-10-27

Agreement of treatment effects from observational studies and randomized controlled trials evaluating hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir-ritonavir, or dexamethasone for covid-19: meta-epidemiological study

Objective: To systematically identify, match, and compare treatment effects and study demographics from individual or meta-analysed observational studies and randomized controlled t...

2023-10-27

The association between family structure and adolescent physical activity levels: a systematic review

Background Adolescent physical activity is influenced by biological, psychological, sociocultural, and environmental factors; however, no systematic review to date has explicitly ex...

2023-10-27

Prenatal alcohol prevention in the UK: mapping the landscape through systematic collaborative review

Background UK policy makers have called for urgent action to reduce prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), but evidence on what is effective is scarce. We aimed to identify, evaluate, and...

2023-10-27

Triple vs Dual Inhaler Therapy and Asthma Outcomes in Moderate to Severe Asthma A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance:The benefits and harms of adding long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) for moderate to severe a...

2023-10-26

General Health Checks in Adult Primary Care A Review

Importance:General health checks, also known as general medical examinations, periodic health evaluations, checkups, routine visits, or wellness visits, are commonly performed in ad...

2023-10-26

Are Financial Payments From the Pharmaceutical Industry Associated With Physician Prescribing? : A Systematic Review

Background:Financial payments from the drug industry to U.S. physicians are common. Payments may influence physicians' clinical decision making and drug prescribing. Purpose:To eva...

2023-10-26

Dietary intake and biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies

Objective:To examine the associations between dietary intake and tissue biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD),...

2023-10-26

Risk of bias in studies on prediction models developed using supervised machine learning techniques: systematic review

Objective:To assess the methodological quality of studies on prediction models developed using machine learning techniques across all medical specialties. Design:Systematic review....

2023-10-26

Blood pressure lowering and risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes: an individual participant data meta-analysis

Background:Blood pressure lowering is an established strategy for preventing microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes, but its role in the prevention of diabetes it...

2023-10-26

Accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for screening to detect major depression: updated systematic review and -individual participant data meta-analysis

Objective:To update a previous individual participant data meta-analysis and determine the accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the most commonly used depression ...

2023-10-26

The Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 Infections That Are Asymptomatic A Systematic Review

Background:Asymptomatic infection seems to be a notable feature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (C...

2023-10-26

Sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objective:To evaluate sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes at varying cardiovasc...

2023-10-26

Interventions for Tobacco Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:It has been estimated that in 2018 nearly 20% of adults in the US were currently using a tobacco product. Objective:To systematically review the effectiveness and safety...

2023-10-26

Screening for Gestational Diabetes: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Gestational diabetes is associated with several poor health outcomes. Objective:To update the 2012 review on screening for gestational diabetes to inform the US Preventi...

2023-10-26

Age-stratified and blood-pressure-stratified effects of blood-pressure-lowering pharmacotherapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis

Background The effects of pharmacological blood-pressure-lowering on cardiovascular outcomes in individuals aged 70 years and older, particularly when blood pressure is not substant...

2023-10-25

Percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass grafting in left main coronary artery disease: an individual patient data meta-analysis

Background The optimal revascularisation strategy for patients with left main coronary artery disease is uncertain. We therefore aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes for patients tr...

2023-10-25

Filtering Facepiece Respirator (N95 Respirator) Reprocessing A Systematic Review

Importance:The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a persistent shortage of personal protective equipment; therefore, a need exists for hospitals to reprocess filtering facepiece resp...

2023-10-25

Evaluating agreement between bodies of evidence from randomised controlled trials and cohort studies in nutrition research: meta-epidemiological study

Objective:To evaluate the agreement between diet-disease effect estimates of bodies of evidence from randomised controlled trials and those from cohort studies in nutrition research...

2023-10-25

Association Between Administration of IL-6 Antagonists and Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 AMeta-analysis

Importance:Clinical trials assessing the efficacy of IL-6 antagonists in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 have variously reported benefit, no effect, and harm. Objective:To estim...

2023-10-25

Antibody and cellular therapies for treatment of covid-19: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of antiviral antibody therapies and blood products for the treatment of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Design:Living syste...

2023-10-25

Performance of prediction models for nephropathy in people with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and external validation study

OBJECTIVES To identify and assess the quality and accuracy of prognostic models for nephropathy and to validate these models in external cohorts of people with type 2 diabetes. DESI...

2023-10-25

Evaluating Progestogens for Preventing Preterm birth International Collaborative (EPPPIC): meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials

Background Preterm birth is a global health priority. Using a progestogen during high-risk pregnancy could reduce preterm birth and adverse neonatal outcomes.Methods We did a system...

2023-10-25

Delayed antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections: individual patient data meta-analysis

OBJECTIvE To assess the overall effect of delayed antibiotic prescribing on average symptom severity for patients with respiratory tract infections in the community, and to identify...

2023-10-25

Association of metabolic-bariatric surgery with long-term survival in adults with and without diabetes: a one-stage meta-analysis of matched cohort and prospective controlled studies with 174 772 participants

Background: Metabolic-bariatric surgery delivers substantial weight loss and can induce remission or improvement of obesity-related risks and complications. However, more robust est...

2023-10-21

Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To review the evidence on the effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality. Design: Sys...

2023-10-21

P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy or dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary revascularisation: individual patient level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objective: To assess the risks and benefits of P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy compared with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and whether these associations are modified by patients' ch...

2023-10-21

Acute Treatments for Episodic Migraine in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance: Migraine is common and can be associated with significant morbidity, and several treatment options exist for acute therapy. Objective: To evaluate the benefits and harm...

2023-10-21

Benefits of physical activity interventions combining self-monitoring with other components versus self-monitoring alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Self-monitoring is a cornerstone of many complex physical activity interventions and is a powerful behaviour change technique leading to substantial physical activity inc...

2023-10-21

Does This Adult Patient Have Hypertension?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review

Importance: Office blood pressure (BP) measurements are not the most accurate method to diagnose hypertension. Home BP monitoring (HBPM) and 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) ...

2023-10-21

The methodological quality of individual participant data meta-analysis on intervention effects: systematic review

Objective: To assess the methodological quality of individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis and to identify areas for improvement. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: ...

2023-10-21

Medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic non-cancer and cancer related pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials

Objective: To determine the benefits and harms of medical cannabis and cannabinoids for chronic pain. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, A...

2023-10-21

Comparative efficacy of interventions for reducing symptoms of depression in people with dementia: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective: To describe the comparative efficacy of drug and non-drug interventions for reducing symptoms of depression in people with dementia who experience depression as a neurops...

2023-10-21

Remdesivir for Adults With COVID-19 A Living Systematic Review for American College of Physicians Practice Points

Background: Few treatments exist for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and harms of remdesivir for COVID-19. Data sources: Several databa...

2023-10-21

Accuracy of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D) to screen for major depression: systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) to screen for major depression among people with physical health...

2023-10-21

SARS-CoV-2 positivity in offspring and timing of mother-to-child transmission: living systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives To assess the rates of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in babies born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the timing of mother-to-child transmission and perinatal outcomes, and f...

2023-10-21

Food insecurity among pregnant women living in high-income countries: a systematic review

Background Food insecurity is an increasingly important public health concern in high-income countries following the 2008 global financial crash, and recently with the COVID-19 pand...

2023-10-21

Effectiveness and Harms of Contraceptive Counseling and Provision Interventions for Women A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:The effectiveness and harms of contraceptive counseling and provision interventions are unclear. Purpose:To evaluate evidence of the effectiveness of contraceptive couns...

2023-10-20

Associations of Unintended Pregnancy With Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance:Unintended pregnancy is common in the US and is associated with adverse maternal and infant health outcomes; however, estimates of these associations specific to current ...

2023-10-20

Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the 2 leading causes of death in the US, and vitamin and mineral supplementation has been proposed to help prevent these conditions....

2023-10-20

Viscosupplementation for knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of viscosupplementation for pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis of...

2023-10-20

Changing patterns in reporting and sharing of review data in systematic reviews with meta-analysis of the effects of interventions: cross sectional meta-research study

2023-10-20

Angiotensin receptor blockers and beta blockers in Marfan syndrome: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised trials

Background:Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and β blockers are widely used in the treatment of Marfan syndrome to try to reduce the rate of progressive aortic root enlargement ...

2023-10-20

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associated Control Measures on the Mental Health of the General Population A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis

Background:To what extent the COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures influenced mental health in the general population is still unclear. Purpose:To assess the trajectory o...

2023-10-20

Association of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Ticagrelor With Vein Graft Failure After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance:The role of ticagrelor with or without aspirin after coronary artery bypass graft surgery remains unclear. Objective:To compare the risks of vein graft failure and bleed...

2023-10-20

Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 oral and long-acting injectable antipsychotics for the maintenance treatment of adults with schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background:Schizophrenia is a common, severe, and usually chronic disorder. Maintenance treatment with antipsychotic drugs can prevent relapse but also causes side-effects. We aimed...

2023-10-20

Effects of race and ethnicity on perinatal outcomes in highincome and upper-middle-income countries: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 2 198 655 pregnancies

2023-10-20

Pharmacotherapy for adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Background:Pharmacotherapy provides an option for adults with overweight and obesity to reduce their bodyweight if lifestyle modifications fail. We summarised the latest evidence fo...

2023-10-20

Safety and Efficiency of Diagnostic Strategies for Ruling Out Pulmonary Embolism in Clinically Relevant Patient Subgroups A Systematic Review and Individual-Patient Data Meta-analysis

Background:How diagnostic strategies for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) perform in relevant patient subgroups defined by sex, age, cancer, and previous venous thromboembolism (VT...

2023-10-20

Impact of diabetes on the effects of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on kidney outcomes: collaborative meta-analysis of large placebo-controlled trials

Background:Large trials have shown that sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of adverse kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failu...

2023-10-20

The prevalence of loneliness across 113 countries: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives:To identify data availability, gaps, and patterns for population level prevalence of loneliness globally, to summarise prevalence estimates within World Health Organizati...

2023-10-20

Prognosis and persistence of smell and taste dysfunction in patients with covid-19: meta-analysis with parametric cure modelling of recovery curves

Objective:To clarify in patients with covid-19 the recovery rate of smell and taste, proportion with persistent dysfunction of smell and taste, and prognostic factors associated wit...

2023-10-20

SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure: a comprehensive meta-analysis of five randomised controlled trials

Background:SGLT2 inhibitors are strongly recommended in guidelines to treat patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, but their clinical benefits at higher ejectio...

2023-10-20

Maternal, Infant, and Child Health Outcomes Associated with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children A Systematic Review

Background:The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is intended to improve maternal and child health outcomes. In 2009, the WIC food package...

2023-10-20

Screening for Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Anxiety in children and adolescents is associated with impaired functioning, educational underachievement, and future mental health conditions. Objective:To review the e...

2023-10-20

Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Depression, suicidal ideation, and self-harm behaviors in youth are associated with functional impairment and suicide. Objective:To review the evidence on screening for ...

2023-10-20

The effects of plasma exchange in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To assess the effects of plasma exchange on important outcomes in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Design:Systematic review and meta...

2023-10-20

Efficacy of awake prone positioning in patients with covid-19 related hypoxemic respiratory failure: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Objective:To determine the efficacy and safety of awake prone positioning versus usual care in non-intubated adults with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to covid-19. Design:Syste...

2023-10-20

Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

2023-10-20

Effectiveness of interventions to improve drinking water, sanitation, and handwashing with soap on risk of diarrhoeal disease in children in low-income and middle-income settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Estimates of the effectiveness of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions that provide high levels of service on childhood diarrhoea are scarce. We aimed to p...

2023-10-20

Association of gestational diabetes mellitus with overall and type specific cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To quantify the risk of overall and type specific cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as venous thromboembolism in women with a history of gestational diab...

2023-10-20

Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To investigate the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse outcomes of pregnancy after adjustment for at least minimal confounding factors. Design:S...

2023-10-20

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients With Heart Failure A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Randomized controlled trials established the cardiac protection of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors among adults with type 2 diabetes. New evidence sugge...

2023-10-20

Effectiveness and Safety of Treatments to Prevent Fractures in People With Low Bone Mass or Primary Osteoporosis A Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians

Background:The prevalence of osteoporosis is increasing in the United States. Purpose:To evaluate low bone mass and osteoporosis treatments to prevent fractures. Data sources:Ovid...

2023-10-20

Evaluating trends in private equity ownership and impacts on health outcomes, costs, and quality: systematic review

Objective:To review the evidence on trends and impacts of private equity (PE) ownership of healthcare operators. Design:Systematic review. Data sources:PubMed, Web of Science, Emb...

2023-10-20

Anthracycline-containing and taxane-containing chemotherapy for early-stage operable breast cancer: a patient-level meta-analysis of 100 000 women from 86 randomised trials

Background:Anthracycline-taxane chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer substantially improves survival compared with no chemotherapy. However, concerns about short-term and long...

2023-10-20

The risk of sexual transmission of HIV in individuals with low-level HIV viraemia: a systematic review

2023-10-20

Major Update: Masks for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 in Health Care and Community Settings-Final Update of a Living, Rapid Review

Background:Optimal use of masks for preventing COVID-19 is unclear. Purpose:To update an evidence synthesis on N95, surgical, and cloth mask effectiveness in community and health c...

2023-10-20

Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of antidepressants for pain in adults: overview of systematic reviews

Objective:To provide a comprehensive overview of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of antidepressants for pain according to condition. Design:Overview of systematic reviews. ...

2023-10-20

Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Treatments of Adult Patients With Major Depressive Disorder A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis for a Clinical Guideline by the American College of Physicians

Background:Primary care patients and clinicians may prefer alternative options to second-generation antidepressants for major depressive disorder (MDD). Purpose:To compare the bene...

2023-10-20

Prevalence and predictors of data and code sharing in the medical and health sciences: systematic review with meta-analysis of individual participant data

Objectives:To synthesise research investigating data and code sharing in medicine and health to establish an accurate representation of the prevalence of sharing, how this frequency...

2023-10-20

Fracture risk reduction and safety by osteoporosis treatment compared with placebo or active comparator in postmenopausal women: systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of randomised clinical trials

Objective:To review the comparative effectiveness of osteoporosis treatments, including the bone anabolic agents, abaloparatide and romosozumab, on reducing the risk of fractures in...

2023-10-20

Real-Time Computer-Aided Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia During Colonoscopy : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Artificial intelligence computer-aided detection (CADe) of colorectal neoplasia during colonoscopy may increase adenoma detection rates (ADRs) and reduce adenoma miss rat...

2023-10-20

Skin Cancer Screening Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance:Skin cancer is the most common cancer type and is a major cause of morbidity. Objective:To systematically review the benefits and harms of screening for skin cancer to i...

2023-10-20

Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review

Objective:To evaluate the quality of evidence, potential biases, and validity of all available studies on dietary sugar consumption and health outcomes. Design:Umbrella review of e...

2023-10-20

Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

2023-10-20

Comparison of seven popular structured dietary programmes and risk of mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients at increased cardiovascular risk: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective:To determine the relative efficacy of structured named diet and health behaviour programmes (dietary programmes) for prevention of mortality and major cardiovascular event...

2023-10-20

Ionising radiation and cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis

2023-10-20

Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for sciatica: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of surgery compared with non-surgical treatment for sciatica. Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources:Medlin...

2023-10-20

Effect of Yoga on Frailty in Older Adults A Systematic Review

Background:Yoga, a multicomponent mind-body practice, improves several domains of physical and psychological health and may affect frailty in older adults. Purpose:To evaluate the ...

2023-10-20

Value of intravenous thrombolysis in endovascular treatment for large-vessel anterior circulation stroke: individual participant data meta-analysis of six randomised trials

Background:Intravenous thrombolysis is recommended before endovascular treatment, but its value has been questioned in patients who are admitted directly to centres capable of endov...

2023-10-20

Factors Associated With Circulating Sex Hormones in Men : Individual Participant Data Meta-analyses

Background:Various factors modulate circulating testosterone in men, affecting interpretation of testosterone measurements. Purpose:To clarify factors associated with variations in...

2023-10-20

The proportions of term or late preterm births after exposure to early antenatal corticosteroids, and outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis of 1.6 million infants

Objective:To systematically review the proportions of infants with early exposure to antenatal corticosteroids but born at term or late preterm, and short term and long term outcome...

2023-10-20

Association of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with incident chronic kidney disease: pooled analysis of 19 cohorts

Objective:To assess the prospective associations of circulating levels of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) biomarkers (including plant derived α linolenic acid and sea...

2023-10-20

Suboptimal gestational weight gain and neonatal outcomes in low and middle income countries: individual participant data meta-analysis

Objective:To estimate the associations between gestational weight gain (GWG) during pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in low and middle income countries. Design:Individual participan...

2023-10-20

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Wakefulness-Promoting Agents for Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

Background:Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is common among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic agents is unknown. Purpose...

2023-10-20

Vitamin D and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in People With Prediabetes A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data From 3 Randomized Clinical Trials

Background:The role of vitamin D in people who are at risk for type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Purpose:To evaluate whether administration of vitamin D decreases risk for diabetes ...

2023-10-20

Inflammation and cholesterol as predictors of cardiovascular events among patients receiving statin therapy: a collaborative analysis of three randomised trials

Background:Inflammation and hyperlipidaemia jointly contribute to atherothrombotic disease. However, when people are treated with intensive statin therapy, the relative contribution...

2023-10-20

Effectiveness of handwashing with soap for preventing acute respiratory infections in low-income and middle- income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with 83% of ARI mortality occurring in low-income and middle-income countries (L...

2023-10-20

Pregnancy outcomes after first-trimester treatment with artemisinin derivatives versus non-artemisinin antimalarials: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis

Background:Malaria in the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are a highly effective, first-li...

2023-10-20

Benefits and harms of drug treatment for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objective:To compare the benefits and harms of drug treatments for adults with type 2 diabetes, adding non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (including finerenone) an...

2023-10-20

Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies

Objective:To systematically assess credibility and certainty of associations between cannabis, cannabinoids, and cannabis based medicines and human health, from observational studie...

2023-10-20

Comparison of mental health symptoms before and during the covid-19 pandemic: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of 134 cohorts

Objective:To synthesise results of mental health outcomes in cohorts before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Design:Systematic review. Data sources:Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Emb...

2023-10-20

Coffee, Caffeine, and Health

In many countries, a large majority of adults consume caffeine daily. This review summarizes the evidence about the varied physiological effects of caffeine and coffee and the risks...

2023-10-17

Does This Child With High Blood Pressure Have Secondary Hypertension?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review

Importance:Guidelines recommend that all children and adolescents with hypertension undergo evaluation for secondary causes. Identifying clinical factors associated with secondary h...

2023-10-17

Ambient air pollution and clinical dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To investigate the role of air pollutants in risk of dementia, considering differences by study factors that could influence findings. Design:Systematic review and meta-a...

2023-10-17

Past SARS-CoV-2 infection protection against re-infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Understanding the level and characteristics of protection from past SARS-CoV-2 infection against subsequent re-infection, symptomatic COVID-19 disease, and severe disease...

2023-10-17

Outpatient Treatment of Confirmed COVID-19: A Living, Rapid Review for the American College of Physicians

Background:Clinicians and patients want to know the benefits and harms of outpatient treatment options for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Purpose:To assess the benefits and harms of 12 diff...

2023-10-17

Diagnostic Strategies for the Assessment of Suspected Stable Coronary Artery Disease : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:There is uncertainty about which diagnostic strategy for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) provides better outcomes. Purpose:To compare the effect on clinical mana...

2023-10-17

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Team Introduction

兰州大学智慧循证与决策团队，是开展循证证据合成、评价与医疗决策转化的专业团队，长期深耕于医学研究方法学领域，聚焦于系统评价/Meta分析、网状Meta分析、GRADE分级、临床实践指南、医患共同决策制定等各种研究方法，承担国家重点研发计划项目、加拿大国家卫生研究项目、国家自然科学基金和国家社科重大基金等项目10余项，牵头和参与制订团体标准和指南20余部。立足中国，面向世界，自团队成立以来，在Lancet，BMJ、Intensive Care Medicine、JAMA Network Open和Sleep Medicine Reviews等国内外权威期刊发表论文200余篇，将循证医学理念融入中医药和健康生活方式管理领域，整合各自特点和优势形成合力，率先在中国及国际上提出先进理念。基于团队工作基础，深入贯彻落实“健康中国”战略，采用“循证评价与智慧决策”公众号作为主要传播平台，在国内率先启动循证健康科普工作，致力于将高血压、糖尿病、脑卒中等慢性病领域的复杂科学研究证据转化为实用的健康指导，对国内外经过严格评审的高质量指南和系统评价等最佳研究成果，以科学严谨、通俗易通的形式进行解读和转化，向公众提供健康生活方式建议，确保公众能够获取并理解最新健康信息。

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